3. "There are decades where nothing happens; and there are weeks where decades happen."
-Vladimir Lenin

4. QUIZ pp
What were some of the problems Russia had in going to war in 1914?
Who was RASPUTIN?
What happened as a result of the MARCH REVOLUTION (February) 1917?
Who were the BOLSHEVIKS?
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
Who took power in the NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1917 (Red October)
Who were THE WHITES?

5. QUIZ ANSWERS
UNPREPARED MILITARY/LACK OF INDUSTRIALIZATION/LACK OF TECHNOLOGY/WEAK MILITARY AND POLITICAL LEADERS
CRAZY MONK WHO CONTROLS AND INFLUENCES THE TSARINA
OVERTHROW OF THE IMPERIAL ROMANOV DYNASTY
COMMUNISTS
VLADIMIR LENIN
THE BOLSHEVIKS
THE ANTI-BOLSHEVIKS

6. THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
THE WEAKNESS AND FAILURE OF RUSSIA IN WW I LEADS DIRECTLY TO THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE COLLAPSE OF IMPERIAL RUSSIA AND THE ROMANOV DYNASTY
Revolution of 1905 had failed to produce a liberal constitutional monarchy
Tsar had all the power  relied on the army and the bureaucracy

7. PROBLEMS FOR RUSSIA IN WW I
Unprepared militarily
Unprepared industrially and technologically
Lacked good military leadership
Massive military defeats

8. NICHOLAS AND ALEXANDRA
The last Romanovs
Tsar was not up to the challenges
Tried to take personal command of the army
Family problems

9. RASPUTIN – “THE MAD MONK”

10. The Murder of Rasputin
The murder of Rasputin has become a legend, some of it invented by the very men who killed him, which is why it has become difficult to discern the actual course of events. On December 16, 1916, having decided that Rasputin's influence over the Tsaritsa had made him a threat to the empire, a group of nobles led by Prince Felix Yusupov and the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich and the right-wing politician Vladimir Purishkevich apparently lured Rasputin to the Yusupovs' Moika Palace]… led him down to the cellar, where they served him cakes and red wine laced with a massive amount of cyanide. According to legend, Rasputin was unaffected, although Vasily Maklakov had supplied enough poison to kill five men. Conversely, Maria's account asserts that, if her father did eat or drink poison, it was not in the cakes or wine, because after the attack by Guseva he suffered from hyperacidity and avoided anything with sugar. In fact, she expresses doubt that he was poisoned at all. It has been suggested, on the other hand, that Rasputin had developed an immunity to poison due to mithridatism.
Determined to finish the job, Prince Yusupov became anxious about the possibility that Rasputin might live until the morning, leaving the conspirators no time to conceal his body. Yusupov ran upstairs to consult the others and then came back down to shoot Rasputin through the back with a revolver. Rasputin fell, and the company left the palace for a while. Yusupov, who had left without a coat, decided to return to get one, and while at the palace, he went to check on the body. Suddenly, Rasputin opened his eyes and lunged at Yusupov. He grabbed Yusupov, ominously whispered in his ear, "you bad boy," and attempted to strangle him. At that moment, however, the other conspirators arrived and fired at Rasputin. After being hit three times in the back, he fell once more. As they neared his body, the party found that, remarkably, he was still alive, struggling to get up. They clubbed him into submission. Some accounts say that his killers also sexually mutilated him, severing his penis (subsequently resulting in urban legends and claims that certain third parties were in possession of the organ) After binding his body and wrapping him in a carpet, they threw him into the icy Neva River. He broke out of his bonds and the carpet wrapping him, but drowned in the river.
Three days later, Rasputin's body, poisoned, shot four times, badly beaten, and drowned, was recovered from the river. An autopsy established that the cause of death was drowning. His arms were found in an upright position, as if he had tried to claw his way out from under the ice. It was found that he had indeed been poisoned, and that the poison alone should have been enough to kill him. There is a report that after his body was recovered, water was found in the lungs, supporting the idea that he was still alive before submersion into the partially frozen river.

11. World War I placed a considerable strain on Russia's government and economy, which resulted in mass shortages and starvation.  The mismanagement and failures of the war was blamed on the Czar, due to the fact that he had positioned the army under his personal command. Eventually the people and more importantly the soldiers turned against the Czar. Finally in March of 1917 the Duma forced the Czar to abdicate his throne.

12. THE MARCH REVOLUTION PETROGRAD = the new name for St. Petersburg
Strikes break out in Petrograd in 1917
Skyrocketing bread prices, rationing, shortages
WOMEN’S MARCH IN PETROGRAD = mass demonstrations demand “Peace and Bread”
Workers join the women in protest – general strikes shut down all factories
Tsar orders troops to break up the strikes and demonstrations shoot if necessary

13. THE MARCH REVOLUTION(cont.)

14. THE MARCH REVOLUTION 1917
The soldiers refuse to fire on protestors and end up joining them
Tsar loses control of Petrograd
Duma declares that it is taking power on March 12th
New government is created = the PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
The Tsar abdicates on March 15th

16. AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THE TSARIST GOVERNMENT
surprise/unexpected how quickly it fell apart
No real plan for what to do next
Middle class and liberal aristocrats supported the provisional govt
Provisional govt wanted to create a liberal republic and stay in the war
Peasants and workers want an end to the war

17. THE SOVIETS Councils of workers and soldiers
represented the interests of the lower classes
made up of different socialist groups

18. RUSSIAN MARXISM
THE MENSHEVIKS – moderates
THE BOLSHEVIKS - radicals

19. LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVIKS

20. THE BOLSHEVIKS Led by VLADIMIR LENIN
Violent revolution  destroy capitalism
“the vanguard of the revolution” = the party of well disciplined professional revolutionaries
Lenin was in exile in Switzerland in 1917
THE SEALED TRAIN = Germans ship Lenin back to Russia
Lenin arrives back in Russia in April 1917 – issues the APRIL THESES
a. gain control of the Soviets
b. overthrow the Provisional Govt
c. “ PEACE, LAND, BREAD”

21. THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
Plans a constitutional convention in fall of 1917
Continue the war effort
Peasants begin to seize land
Army falls apart  formation of Soviets in the army
Peasant soldiers begin mass desertions  drop weapons and go home
No one really supports the Prov. Govt.
In July ALEXANDER KERENSKY becomes leader of the govt

22. RED OCTOBER = THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION
In October 1917 Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize power in Petrograd
The Provisional Government collapses
Constituent Assembly(Constitutional Convention) is broken up by force by Lenin
Bolsheviks rename themselves – the Communist Party
Land is nationalized and turned over the to the rural soviets
Get Russia out of the war  March 1918

23. THE TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK
Russia signs treaty with Germany
Russia gives up a large amount of territory to Germany – Eastern Poland, Ukraine, Finland, Baltic states
Russia is out of the war

24. Black line represents the territory given up in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

25. THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR
Reds v. Whites = Bolsheviks v. anti-Bolsheviks
The Red Army – created and headed by LEON TROTSKY
White forces led by Admiral Kolchak in the East
General Denikin in the South
Other groups also attack/threaten the Reds
Various White forces never unite and are defeated one by one
Bolsheviks are more ruthless and brutal
Tsar, his wife, and five children are murdered by the Reds in July 1918 at Ekaterinburg

26. White propaganda
The white knight represents the anti-bolsheviks forces
The red dragon represents the bolsheviks/communists

27. WAR COMMUNISM
Reds take total control of the economy  all resources are used to win the civil war
Nationalization of banks and industry
Forced seizure of grain from peasants
Centralization of Bolshevik administration

28. THE RED TERROR
The Bolshevik use of terror, murder, and intimidation to destroy any and all opposition
Creation of a new Red secret police = THE CHEKA
All classes were targeted
“Do not look in the file of incriminating evidence to see whether or not the accused rose up against the Soviets with arms or words. Ask him instead to which class he belongs, what is his background, his education, his profession. These are the questions that will determine the fate of the accused. That is the meaning and essence of the Red Terror.“

29. REVIEW Q’s 25 Who were the Nationalists and Unionists in Ireland?
What was the significance of German unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram?
What was the Lusitania and what happened to it?
What was Capt. Alfred Dreyfus accused of? And why?
What was the Fourteen Points?
Who were the members of the Triple Entente?
Define Total War
Name two ways governments tried to control public opinion.
What were the Germans attempting to challenge the British over?
What did the Suffragettes want?
Who was Franz Ferdinand?
How many were killed in WW I?
What was dispute between Austria and Serbia over?
What killed 30 million people after WW I?
Who were the Black Hand?
What was the name of the Treaty ending WW I?
Who gave the blank check to who?
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
What was the League of Nations?
What were four elements of trench warfare?
Who were the Big 3?
What was Article 231?
Who attacked who in the Gallipoli campaign
What were 9 newly created countries in Europe after WW I?
How many were killed at the Battle of Verdun?

30. PRQ’s II Who was the last Tsar of Russia?
Why did the Germans help Lenin return to Russia?
Who was the Tsar’s wife?
Who was Rasputin?
What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks do in November 1917?
What did the Empress think Rasputin could do?
What happened to the Provisional Government?
What was Petrograd?
What broke out after the November Revolution?
How did the soldiers respond to the Tsar’s orders to break strikes and protests in March 1917?
What was the Bolshevik policy towards the war?
What replaced the Tsar’s government?
What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?
Define Duma
What government replaced the Kaiser’s?
Who were the Bolsheviks?
Who were Karl Leibknecht and Rosa Luxemburg and what did they try to do?
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
What was the Provisional Government’s war policy?
What did the Bolsheviks change their name to?
What was the Provisional Government’s policy on land redistribution?
Who were the Whites?
What did the peasants begin to do?
Where was Lenin when the March revolution broke out?
How did he get back to Russia?