1. Rapid and Chronic Tolerance of Ethanol in Drosophila Melangastor By: Paul Mascali, Anthony Anastasio

2. Abstract Alcohol is the most abused drug in the world. 30 percent of Americans have reported having some form of alcohol use dependence. Drosophila is one of the only model organisms that can metabolize ethanol or the pure form of alcohol. While the ethanol is being metabolized drosophila build up a tolerance. There are to forms of tolerance, rapid and chronic tolerance. These different forms are established by the exposures of the ethanol. Both can be measured in comparison to show flies that have built up a tolerance can take in more ethanol than the flies that have never been exposed to ethanol.

3. Need Graph A Graph B Alcohol has the largest death rate out of all other drugs disorders caused by alcohol have increased over the past 6 years

4. Knowledge Base http://www.imsb.ethz.ch/researchgroup/hafene/researchprojects/Drosophila.jpg http://chidiet.com/images3/banana1.jpg Drosophila relate to humans on a genetic level Ethanol can be found in the fermentation of fruits

5. Knowledge Base 0normal behavior 1continuous grooming 2Loss of flight 3slow locomotion 4backward locomotion 5bouncing off the walls 6sever body tremors 7death Scale defined by Sullivan 2000

6. Literature Review Rapid tolerance-defined as the attenuated response to ethanol that occurs from a single exposure and after elevated blood levels from the initial exposure Chronic tolerance-when they are exposed for long amount of time to small concentration of the drug. Urizar, 07 Rapid and chronic: two distinct forms of ethanol tolerance in Drosophila

7. Literature Review Rapid and Chronis: Two Distinct Forms of Ethanol Tolerance in Drosophila Ulrike Heberlein Rapid Tolerance Chronic tolerance 75% alcohol for 15 minutes 100% alcohol for 7 minutes 10% alcohol for 4 hrs-2 days 10% alcohol for 24 hours

8. Literature Review Drosophila Homer Is Required in a Small Set of Neurons Including the Ellipsoid Body for Normal Ethanol Sensitivity and Tolerance Nancy L. Urizar (alcohol)

9. Literature Review Phillips, 06 ETHANOL TOLERANCE IN TEMPERATE DROSOPHILA Lower the Temperature the flies had increased levels of lipid biosynthetic enzymes such as phospholipase D which betters tolerance

10. Hypothesis null hypothesis-the drosophila that are never exposed to ethanol will have the weaker tolerance alternative hypothesis-based on the findings of Ulrike Heberlein flies with chronic tolerance will have a stronger tolerance

11. Purpose The purpose of the study is to show that tolerance has an affect on the metabolism of alcohol in drosophila melagastor.

12. Methodology/ do-ability (Taken by author) Ethanol beaker Testing chamber Air pump http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bp3.blogger.com/_q3QBSc SSHhw/R- ho69SisEI/AAAAAAAAF7s/dTLsMme2ZHQ/s320/PMA%2BAldrich.jpg&img refurl=http://curlyarrow.blogspot.com/2008/03/lets-talk-about-tlcs-part- 3.html&h=320&w=144&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=THmY2aSgmI LpgM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=53&prev=/images%3Fq%3D100%2525%2Bethan ol%2Bcontainer%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DSUNA,SUNA:2006- 02,SUNA:en%26sa%3DN

13. Methodology/ do-ability Ethanol Beaker Air Pump Inebriometer Funnel Layers Pipe controlling flow of ethanol gas http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/images/2007/11/01/inebriometer.gif

14. Expose flies to 200 proof ethanol for 7 minutes once a week Expose flies to 20 proof ethanol for 24 hours Count the number of levels the flies fall through the Inebriometer After all data is collected it is placed into SPSS for data analyzes Repeat each week Repeat after each death of test subjects for 6-7 different trials Test to determine when ethanol intoxication takes place (Each group was fresh flies never exposed to ethanol) Wild Type Drosophila Flies that built up a rapid tolerance Flies that built up a chronic tolerance Flies never exposed to alcohol Put flies in inebriometer several hours after exposure Put flies in inebriometer 24 hours after exposure

15. Bibliography Tabakoff,B; Conrnell, N; &Hoffman, P.L. Alcohol tolerance. Annals of Emergency Medicine 15(9):1005-1012, 1986 Kathryn Phillips, Ethanol Tolerance in Temperate Drosophila, Journal of Experimental Biology 209, September 19, 2006 Heberlein Ulrike. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Ethanol Inoxication in Drosophila Melanogaster. Aug. 2004 Natural selection protected some east Asian Population form Alcoholism Scinece Daily 2003 Jama and Archives journals (2007) Almost one-third fo Adults Report Having some Form of Alcohol use problem during their lifetime. Science Daily Sullivan Ashburner Hawley, Drosohila Protocols, Cold Spring Habor Laboratory Press, 1996 Mumenthaler, Martin Gender Differences in Moderate drinking effects Alcohol Health & Research World Chien Samson Homophila:human disease gene cognates in Drosophila Nucleiec Acids Research Steven Gans Fruitflies Used to Examin Alcohol Tolerance 2000 Mumenthaler Martin Gender Differences in Moderate Drinking Effects Alcohol Health &Research World Winberg Jan Olof Drosophila Melanogsater Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Product-Inhibition 1994 Ulrike Heverlein Molecular GeneticAnalysis of Ethanol Intoxication In Drosophila Melangaster 2004 Department of Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience Morozava Transcriptional response to alcohol exposure in Drosophila Melanogaster; Genome Biology 2006