1. Egypt

2. Preview & Processing What do you think of when you think of Egypt? What river runs through Egypt? What is considered the gift of the Nile? Who was Herodotus? Can you name at least one Egyptian ruler?

6. Facts about the Nile 4100 miles long Flooding predictable: June=flood Oct.=rich soil Herodotus called the silt the “Gift of the Nile” Worshipped as a god

7. Pop. Lived close to Nile bec. deserts on both sides of the territory –Libyan (Sahara) and Arabian –Helped to keep invaders out Farming villages: nomes wh = agric. district w/ own gov’t N. & S. Egypt w/ separate rulers

8. Egypt United 3200 BCE there were 2 Egypt's w/ 2 kings; upper and lower 3100 BCE Menes = upper Egypt –Capt. @ Memphis –Egyptian dynasties are born HW: What colors and symbols did Menes place on his newly unified crown?

9. The Kingdoms of Egypt Old, Middle, New Old Kingdom (2660-2180BCE) –Pyramids Lgest. In Giza: 481 ft tall and covers 13 acres Built by peasants and slaves 80 still standing

10. –Pharaohs=gods –Immortal –Ka: rule from grave wh/ = need for pyramid –1 st illness = Pharaoh's power doubted

11. Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 BCE) –Capt. Moved from Memphis to Thebes –Phar. Concerned w/ common people 1.Dug canals for trade 2.Channeled Nile for irigation 3.Drained swamps for farm land 4.Everyone w/ afterlife (no longer just for Pharaohs)

12. –2 nd illness 70 yrs of civil War Invaders came to Egypt Hyksos “rulers of the uplands” 1.Make bronze 2.Wage war from horse down chariots 3.New kind of bow 4.New technique of spinning & weaving

13. Hyksos defeated by Pharaoh Kamose New Kingdom (1570-1075 BCE) –Wealth & power –Pharaohs buried beneath desert cliffs –Tutankhamen –Queen Hapshepsut (1478 BCE) –Rames II (1279-1212 BCE) 99:150 Temples w/ own likeness

14. Ramses II

15. –Need to build empire –Battle of Kadesh Hittites “brothers forever” official tie Ended E’s dominate power Over time E. would be controlled by the Assyrians, Persians Greeks and Romans

16. Daily life in Egypt Social Classes 1.Nobles: gov. generals, tax collectors, preist, etc. Women: property trade marriage, divorce Homes: gardens, wading pools

17. 2.Peasants Wall painting in tombs Hard work on “borrowed land,” high taxes Tombs, dams, canals Social mobility Pharoah’s service (i.e. army) Read & write Men & women

18. 3.Slaves Homes or gold mines Religion Maat: live a good life; in search of truth & justice Osiris (god of the dead) –Weigh heart –Devourer of the Souls –After life: nothing changed

19. Priest –Magical charms, chants: Book of the Dead –More power, slaves & land than pharaohs Akhenaton = Aton only = monotheism Tutankhamun = Amun (Amon) & return to polytheism

20. Education –Writing: hieroglyphics “sacred carvings” 1799 Rosetta Stone Papyrus: reed = paper

21. The Rosetta Stone

22. –Arithmetic, geometry, surveying –Calendar: Sirius: 365 days, 12 mos. Of 30 days + 5 for holydays & festivals –Medicine: heartbeat, broken bones, mummification