1. Sustainability at DESY
Challenges and Opportunities
Helmut Dosch, DESY
CERN/ERF/ESS Workshop „Sustainable Science“
October 2013

2. DESY. DESY – Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron - founded 1959 –
Hamburg
Member of Helmholtz Association
Mission: Development, construction, operation and scientific exploitation of accelerators
Provide access and services for national and international users
Internationally used, nationally funded Research Institute
Research Infrastructures: PETRA III, FLASH (II), XFEL, TIER-2, Testbeams
Zeuthen
Sites: Hamburg and Zeuthen
Base-Budget: MEuro
Funding source: 90% federal, 10% state
Staff: ~1900 FTE in Hamburg and Zeuthen
Users: ~3000 (1500 from abroad) from 45 nations

3. New High Brilliance X-ray Sources Research Labs/ Inhouse
DESY. Light Sources
New High Brilliance X-ray Sources
Research Labs/ Inhouse
Application Labs
PETRA III
FLASH
CFEL

4. Science is energy intensive
e.g. facilities at DESY have power input 23 MW
Annual consumption of 160 GWh
mainly provided by fossil sources
Releasing roughly 70 kt CO2 per year
~ energy consumption of German city with
inhabitants
Future developments of energy prices?
How climate neutral/sustainable
should research centres be?
=> Strategic question of energy supply/management
US-town of
100‘000 people
EU-town of
100‘000 people
DESY
160 GWh
source:
T. Parker, Science Mag.

5. (Natural) Science is energy intensive
Residential area
Universities
Laboratories (bio/chem/phys)
~300 kWh/(m2a)
~150 kWh/(m2a)
Beside the international nature DESY and other RIs have in common. It is also the nature of basic science, that it is very energy intensive
While Residential Areas consuming annualy 40 kWh/m2, Universities have an consumption of 150 kWh/m2 and finally Labs consuming more than times energy as in residential areas
LHC in CERN consumes 400 GWh
Data centres / Computing centres consume 1,5% of the world energy
Question of energy supply is for us of strategic importance: 1st energy is an big cost factor for DESY and we don‘t know how the energy prices develop in the long run, 2nd questions ourself how climate neutral/sustainable should a research centre be?
100 German Universities spend ~3 bn € for energy costs
~40 kWh/(m2a)

6. Motivation large research infrastructures are energy intensive
synchrotron radiation sources, neutron sources, X-Ray lasers, high magnetic field facilities
DESY (w/o XFEL): 16 MW Power, 160 GWh/year: about 70 kt CO2/year
XFEL (17,5 GeV): ~ 10 MW Power
future development of energy prices, volatility ?
how climate neutral/sustainable should research centers be?
=>Question of energy supply and use is of strategic relevance
General Mission/Guiding Principles (recently adopted by DESY):
Our behaviour follows social, ecological and ethical standards.
As far as the structure of our research is concerned, we commit ourselves
to the development of sustainable concepts. We advocate the responsible
handling of natural resources.

7. Pillars of sustainability concept
Improve sustainable management of facilities & campus
Focus on sustainable energy management with goal to include mid-term and long-term sustainability aspects as integral elements into all business processes
Reduce consumption, increase efficiencies, recover waste heat, smarter energy management
Campus buildings and mobility also play a major role
develop “sustainability culture for research”
Strategic Research in Advanced Materials for Renewable Energies
Interdisciplinary research effort in Helmholtz association: Materials Science
Joint effort between research fields “Matter”, “Energy” and “Key Technologies”
DESY: in-situ high precision analysis of materials performance on a molecular level
New Strategic Partnership between European RIs and MENA region
Building Bridges between Europe and MENA
Science & Energy Cooperation

8. DESY. On the way to a sustainable facility management
Fazit:
Ansätze entwickelt
Überblick über Sparpotentiale
Task force eingesetzt
Fehlt: Gesamtkonzept, Ziele, Ressourcen
PILLAR I
Improving sustainable management

9. Sustainable Management of facilities & campus
Impetus/stimulus through one-week workshop with Leuphana University in February 2013
~20 master students of sustainability management
Four topics to investigate
Concept to create an evaluation instrument for sustainability-oriented construction and conversion of existing buildings
Actual condition analysis of the energy management system at DESY and its further development for future requirements
Development of a sustainable DESY mobility concept
Communication as an instrument to establish a sustainability culture at DESY
Campus/Building
Culture/Communication
Energy efficiency
Mobility
Leuphana Univ = Nachhaltigkeits-Uni
Kontakt DESY Leuphana
20 Stundenten bei DESY (u.a. Georg Barfuss, jetzt bei AUDI Zulieferer, Vortrag am CERN)
Input material
Abschlussbereicht zu jedem der 4 Felder: Kurzfassung nachfolgend:
Renommierter Studiengang: Prof. Stefan Schaltegger (CH)
Org. Hans-Christian Heinke (ehem. Leuphana Student)
Oliver Oppel (Sustainability manager) spricht auch bei Genf.

10. Photon Science DESY-HZG
DESY. New Buildings
Construction
PETRA III N.
FLASH II
CFEL
„Femto“
Photon Science DESY-HZG
“Nano“
European
XFEL
MPI-SD
CSSB
„Bio“
PETRA III E.
DORIS Shutdown, Constructions, Appointments
Folien bereits da
Ddd
Mission reference:
Balance: HERA, DORIS shutdown
HEP: LHC, Belle II
FS: Operation, Res. CFEL, CSSB, NanoLab: selected topics
M: Enhance ARD
Potential:
5. Challenges
Role of RIS: stop infighting SF-HEP: joint effort, HGF Mission in RIS !
Operation of facilities: XFEL, …
CHyN
UHH

11. I. Building/Campus
more than 50 buildings on campus, some of them 50 years old
started energetic renovation of building structure (through stimulus funds) over last years – four buildings completed
~50% savings in energy, expect 200k€/a savings in energy cost– reduction of 600t/a CO2
Orientation to sustainable energy standards for new buildings – use evaluation instruments BNB
Bewertungssystem “Nachhaltiges Bauen”
(Evaluation scheme sustainable construction)
Bauabteilung DESY richtet sich jetzt künftig an den BNB aus

12. II. Energy efficiency
Electrical energy: 156 GWh – dominated by accelerators (difficult to improve)
Existing energy consumption data only on highly aggregated level
set up an energy management system
What are detailed electrical power / heat consumption levels at various facilities/ buildings/labs/offices?
How do they compare to benchmarks ?
Are there clear drivers/issues identifiable to improve/optimize efficiencies/gain savings on demand or supply side?
Setting goals for 2020
develop action plans
Energy Consumption in GWh (2012)
MKK Daten:
10 MW von 18 MW gehen als Abwärme id Umwelt
Abhilfe: Abwärme nutzen

13. Improve waste heat re-usal at DESY
Concrete Project: Cryogenic waste heat utilization for DESY and EU.XFEL
Study shows good potential for using waste heat of a cryogenic plant for heat utilization
1 cryo street
2 cryo streets
heat extraction (30-35 deg)
4,6 GWh/a
7,0 GWh/a
cost savings1)
€/a
€/a
payback period 2)
2,6 a
1,7 a
cash value after 10 years 3) € €
Reduction of CO2-Emission 4)
1.087 t-CO2/a
1.669 t-CO2/a
See Jensen Vortrag
Basierend auf einer Masterarbeit bei MKK: TUHH (Frau Eva Leister)
Ggf. mit Wärmepumpe auf höhere T-Niveau setzen !
price for district heating: 0,05 €/kWh
investment costs: €
adequate target rate: 10 %
district heating: 238 g-CO2/kWh
See talk by J.-P. Jensen
Thu, 24 October
Parallel B2

14. Cold water ring
Concrete project: improve cold water ring (T=8C) at DESY (“Fernkältering”)
~4 MW refrigeration power for cooling building, IT, power supplies, …
Ring connect nearly all refrigerator plants on campus, improve efficiencies, eliminate decentralized, isolated solutions
Reduce installed power from 13.6MW to 9.6MW, increase average efficiencies from 50% to 60%
IT cooling
2 dezentrale Kühler einsparen
Isolierte Lösongen rausschemisenn

15. Study on SMES to regulate the grid control
With increased installation of (intermittent) renewables, grid regulation and frequency control becomes more important
study superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) as potential primary regulator at short time-scales for RIs
Advantage:
Efficient and rapidly cycling energy storage
Cryo-plants already available at most labs
Simulate a SMES for grid control at DESY with 40 MW primary controlling power and 25 MWh capacity
Netz-Glättung
Regulierungsbörse: Reg.Lesitung zur Verfüugng stehen: Freq, Spitzen glätten.
Neuer Markt
SMES = neue Technologie
Mit 5 Henry Spulen:
40 MW SMES, Capazität
1MW Regelleistung = EUR/Woche
D Bedarf: Regelleistung: 600 MW
SC HERA Magnete
RIs could be testbed to advance sustainable
technologies
See talk by H.-J. Eckholdt
Parallel A4

16. III. Sustainable Mobility Concept
Carbon-footprint: Mobility at DESY (~2000 employees) causes 11,5 kt CO2/year
2,5 ktCO2/a Commuting
8 ktCO2/a Travel (99% flights)
1 ktCO2/a on-campus mobility
Develop environmentally and socially responsible management of mobility of people and goods, taking into account economic factors
Goals
contribute to the reduction of mobility-related CO2 emissions
image building / legitimacy
employee acceptance
Untergeordnete Rolle

17. III. Sustainable Mobility Concept
Discussed actions:
Bicycles
Public transportation “job ticket”
Travel
Incentives to use train instead of plane
CO2 compensation of flights
CERN
Best practice
Fahrräder mehr Symbol

18. CO2 Footprint DESY In total ~70 kt CO2/a
Self commitment by DESY (in cooperation with city of Hamburg)
Goal: Annual reduction by 3-5 kt CO2
New lighthouse projects under discussions:
Green IT
Block heat and power plant …
3-5 kt Reduktion: Selbstverpflichtung DESY
Blockheizkrafrwerk: Studie da, derzeit zuwenig Manpower, um es umzusetzen, später nach XFEL
Green IT:
Wasserkühlung statt Luftkühlung; einspeisung

19. DESY. On the way to a sustainable facility management
Fazit:
Ansätze entwickelt
Überblick über Sparpotentiale
Task force eingesetzt
Fehlt: Gesamtkonzept, Ziele, Ressourcen
PILLAR II
Research in sustainable technologies

20. PETRA III. 1nmrad Advanced Materials for … IT Health Renewable Energy
Transport
50 mm
Human Hair
1nmrad
PETRA III beam

21. PETRA III.
Novel Instrumentation …

22. DESY User Operation 2012 Facility PETRA III 2010 2011 2012 Proposals
80% Open Access, Peer Review 20% Inhouse Research, Industrial Use, Maintainance
Facility
Proposed Hours
Accepted Hours
Superscription Factor
DORIS III
89048
67000
1,3
PETRA III
83000
32880
2,5 (rising)
FLASH
8640
2196
3,9
PETRA III
2010
2011
2012
Proposals 77
433
614
Transport
Energy
Key Technologies
Schlüsseltechnologien
Health
creating awareness among our users
promoting strategic research
Schlüsseltechnologien
Environment
X-Ray Technologies

23. European XFEL 2,5 km Eine Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera für die Nanowelt
X-Ray Laser
Femto-Flashes
2,5 km
Ultrarelativistic Electrons

24. nm Friction and Lubrication in Nanospace
What is a liquid in a Nanoslit ?
Science Friction: „Supralubrication“
XFEL nm
Micro gear
Schmierung eine sehr bedeutende Technolgoie:
Heute: Schmierung um 3% verbessern: pro sec 1 Million $ Gewinn
Vision: Oberflächen so designen, dass keine Reibungsverluste auftreten:
Supraschmierung wie man Supraleitung kennt (reibungsfreier Transport von Elektronenpaaren)
severe ecological/economic issue
annual loss by friction/wear: 2-7% GNP
Germany: 40 Bio €/y

25. O2 Catalytic Reactions CO2, N CO, NO
Dissocation of O2 induces strong molecular Motions O2
CO, NO
Fritz Haber Institut der MPG, Berlin
Ultimativ :
Wie läuft eine chemische Reaktion in Realzeit ab ?
Anfangs und Endprodukte bekannt? Welche Kurzzeit-Zwischen Produkte entstehen während der Reaktion ?
Beispiel für die Bedeutung solcher Zwischenprodukte an der Katalytischen Reaktion:
komplexe zeitliches Ineinandergreifen von chemischen Reaktionen und physikalischen Oberflächen-Prozessen, die sich auf einer sehr schnellen Zeitskala abspielen und die Effizienz des Prozesses massgeblich bestimmen.
Beispiel: Katalysator im Auto
Die Bedeutung der Katalyse für die chemische Industrie ist enorm.
Katalytische Oberflächenreaktionen von enormer Bedeutung
bei der chemischen Industrie
Synthese von Chemikalien (NH32, H2SO4). 90% der chemischen Produktionsprozesse basiert heute auf Katalyse.
Das Chemical Institute of Canada gab im 1999 den Wert der durch Katalyse erzeugten Chemikalien weltweit mit 900 Mrd USD an.
Und in der Umwelt-Chemie (Emissionskontrolle): CO, SO2
For each particular reaction a specially adapted catalyst is very much in demand. Therefore a computer aided design of catalyst would be a great progress in optimizing the selectivity, yield and performance of the reaction. Although surface reactions have been intensively investigated in the last 20 years, surprisingly little is known about the elementary reaction steps which take place on the atomic length scale of these reactions
Homogene K. Versus Heterogene Katalyse
Gerhard Ertl, Nobel Chemistry 2007

26. DESY. On the way to a sustainable facility management
Fazit:
Ansätze entwickelt
Überblick über Sparpotentiale
Task force eingesetzt
Fehlt: Gesamtkonzept, Ziele, Ressourcen
PILLAR III
Strategic Cooperations

27. Energy from the desert
Studies by DLR for
EUMENA region
MED-CSP TRANS-CSP for German gov‘t
CLUB OF ROME
White Paper 2009
Promising conditions
Economic perspective for young MENA population
EU committed to support the concept (Mediterranean Solar Plan)
Fundamental transformation of the MENA region to a green economy and implementation of the gigantic DESERTEC-concept would require substantial technological and innovative capacities
Price reduction for CSP necessary
Improved grid connection needed
Regulatory and political risks hinder FDI
Substantial workforce with necessary skills
Grid connection has to be improved
Promosing conditions for Concentrating solar power technology
To day renewable energies made a rather limited contribution to electricity supply in the region. Today the levelized costs of csp is 2-3 times higher than with fossil-fired energies -> price reduction necessary

28. A new EU-MENA Partnership on Energy & Science
Renewable Energy
Scientific cooperation
Direct: Transfer of Energy Indirect through virtual trading EU
MENA
MENA Partner (e.g. SESAME)
e.g. DESY
Partnership
Enhance S&T cooperation with MENA partners as stimulus for governments to promote renewable energies in MENA
Prospect/Vision for EU-MENA: direct physical transfer of solar energy (via high voltage DC transmission lines) – swap knowledge, education and S&T versus energy (“in-kind contribution)
European research infrastructures could be “first movers” to receive solar energy from desert
Promote “Energy sustainability for European research” & Intellectual sustainability in MENA
Central element is scientific cooperation between european research institutes and selectetd partner institutes in the MENA region (access to research infrastructures, fostering scientific exchange

29. Symposium „Building Bridges“ – 19/20 May2011 DESY - Hamburg
Organizers:
DESY, DLR, Egypt ASRT, SESAME-Jordan
Scientific cooperation creates trust and acceptance and brings to bear peace-making and stabilizing effects in societies
Topics
Climate Change, Renewable Energy and Societal and Developmental Challenges
Science, Sustainability and Responsibility
Solar Energy Projects in MENA and around the world
Bridging Solar Energy from MENA to Europe
Scientific & Educational Projects in MENA as Anchor Points for Collaboration and Capacity Building
Towards a Science / Energy Partnership

30. 250 participants from 30 countries
Representatives from science,
Politics, industry, NGOs
~50 participants from MENA

31. Establish new conference EU-MENA
Follow-Up Conference EWACC2012/Building Bridges in Cyprus December 2012
Establish new conference EU-MENA
EWACC2014/Building Bridges
Nicosia, Cyprus
November 2014
Topics:
- Climate change, weather extremes, air pollution and human health
- Water availability, food security, hydro-conflicts and human security
- Energy supply and demand, policies, challenges
- Renewable energy and energy conservation
- Opportunities and challenges of EU-MENA scientific cooperation
- Future of a common EU-MENA knowledge area (including Cyprus Declaration 2012)
Young Scholar Forum 6-9 December

32. Conclusions