1. Sep., 2013 영어 청취와 작문 English Listening and Composition Prof. Shao Guangqing Shaoguangqing@gmail.com

2. Contents Unit four Process Paragraphs  Part 1 Speaking- Picture description Reading- “How to fight off a shark” Practice: how to fight off a shark?  Part 2 Analyzing- a student paragraph for the outline Writing- the outline for a process paragraph (optional/homework)

3. Warm-up Describe the picture, using your imagination as much as possible.

4. Reading: How to fight off a shark Most shark attacks occur near land, typically near or between sandbars where sharks feed. Attacks also happen in areas with steep drop-offs. Sharks gather in these areas because their natural prey is there. Almost any large shark, around six feet or longer in total length, is a danger to humans. sandbar =an underwater hill 사주 / 모래톱 drop-off=area of the ocean where the land falls away suddenly 절벽 prey=a person or animal that is hunted by another animal ( 사냥 동물의 ) 먹이 [ 사냥감 ]

5. Reading: How to fight off a shark If a shark is coming toward you or attacks you, use anything you have in your possession to hit the shark’s eyes or gills. These are the areas most sensitive to pain. Make quick, sharp, repeated jabs in these areas. Sharks are predators and will usually only follow through on an attack if they have the advantage, so making the shark unsure of its advantage in any way possible will increase your chances of survival. Contrary to popular opinion, the shark’s nose is not the area to attack, unless you cannot reach the eyes or gills. Hitting the shark simply tells it that you are not defenseless.

6. Reading: How to fight off a shark If a shark shows itself to you, it might just be curious and may swim on and leave you alone. If you are under the surface and lucky enough to see an attacking shark then you do have a good chance of defending yourself if the shark is not too large. gills=slits located in the sides of sharks that allow them to breathe 아가미 predator =a person or animal that hunts other living creatures for food 육식 동물

7. Understanding the text T or F?  ___ Sharks come close to land when they are hungry.  ___ Sharks always attack people who are far away from the beach.  ___Most sharks will not attack humans.  ___ If a shark attacks you, you should hit it in the nose.  ___ If a shark sees you, it will probably attack you.

8. Understanding the text You are swimming and you see a shark coming toward you. What should you do? What should you not do? When you are choosing a place to swim or scuba dive, what sort of places should you stay away from?

9. Practice: How to fight off a shark? Step 1 To be able to defend against the shark, you must know where it is, so make every effort to watch the animal, even as you're working out your escape. Don't take your eyes off the shark.

10. Practice: How to fight off a shark? Step 2 If you have a spear gun or pole, use it! Aim for the head, specifically the eyes or the gills. If you don't have a weapon, use any inanimate object, such as a camera or a rock to ward off the shark. Hit the shark in the eyes or gills.

11. Practice: How to fight off a shark? Step 2 Hit the shark in the eyes or gills. If you have nothing around you, use your own body. Aim for the shark's eyes, nose, or gills with your fists, elbows, knees, and feet.

12. Practice: How to fight off a shark? Step 3 Keep fighting if the shark persists. Hit the eyes and gills repeatedly with hard, sharp jabs. Keep doing this until the shark lets you go and swims away.

13. Practice: How to fight off a shark? Step 4 Get out of the water.! Even if the shark swims away, you're not truly safe until you're out of the water. Sharks may leave temporarily and then come back to continue the attack. Get back to shore or back on the boat as quickly as possible.

14. This is how we write a process paragraph! Topic: How to fight off a shark  Step 1:  Step 2:  Step 3: A process paragraph explains how to do something step by step!

15. Reading a student paragraph: Royalty in your Garden Topic sentence: Supporting sentences:  Background information  Step 1  Step 2  Step 3  Step 4  Step 5 Concluding sentence : Roses are royal among flowers. purchase the rose plant/potting soil/rose food dig a hole/add a little potting soil & rose food transplant your roses to the garden cover the roots with potting soil/water it Many people say roses are difficult to maintain, but they are actually easy to grow. prune them in winter Take care of your roses in this simple way, and they will produce beautiful flowers year after year.

17. Homework Choose one of the following topics: write an outline and then develop it into a process paragraph.  1. How to obtain a driver’s license.  2. How to find a house or apartment for rent.  3. How to throw a surprise birthday party for a friend.  4. How to play a video game.

18. Sample Outline Topic sentence:_____________________________ Supporting sentences Background information _____________________ Step1________________________________ Step 2 ________________________________ Step 3 ________________________________ Concluding sentence:_________________________ Title _________________________ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX