1. PRS Slides for PowerPoint Chap 8 Development across the Lifespan Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009

2. Definitional and Application Slides 2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

3. 3 A researcher decides to follow a group of children into adulthood to assess whether attachment styles formed with their parents has an effect on their intellectual growth over time. This is an example of what type of research? 1.Cross-sectional 2.Cross-sequential 3.Longitudinal 4.Experimental 5.Case study LO 8.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

4. 4 A researcher decides to follow a group of children into adulthood to assess whether attachment styles formed with their parents has an effect on their intellectual growth over time. This is an example of what type of research? 1.Cross-sectional 2.Cross-sequential 3.Longitudinal (p. 310-311) 4.Experimental 5.Case study LO 8.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

5. 5 Dizygotic twins are conceived due to the fact that: 1.One egg split into two separate zygote. 2.Two eggs were fertilized by one sperm cell. 3.One egg was fertilized by two sperm cells. 4.Two eggs were fertilized by two sperm cells. 5.The cause is unknown. LO 8.3 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

6. 6 Dizygotic twins are conceived due to the fact that: 1.One egg split into two separate zygote. 2.Two eggs were fertilized by one sperm cell. 3.One egg was fertilized by two sperm cells. 4.Two eggs were fertilized by two sperm cells. (p. 315) 5.The cause is unknown. LO 8.3 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

7. 7 Teratogens, or drug, chemical, or other factors that can bring about birth defects, may have their greatest effect on cardiovascular development at which point in time of prenatal development? 1.From 6-8 weeks 2.From 4-6 weeks 3.From 3-16 weeks 4.From 4-5 weeks 5.From 6-9 weeks LO 8.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

8. 8 Teratogens, or drug, chemical, or other factors that can bring about birth defects, may have their greatest effect on cardiovascular development at which point in time of prenatal development? 1.From 6-8 weeks 2.From 4-6 weeks 3.From 3-16 weeks (p. 319) 4.From 4-5 weeks 5.From 6-9 weeks LO 8.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

9. 9 This period of pregnancy is probably the time of most growth, with the biggest gains in weight for the baby: 1.Fetal 2.Embryonic 3.Germinal 4.Critical period 5.Conception LO 8.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

10. 10 This period of pregnancy is probably the time of most growth, with the biggest gains in weight for the baby: 1.Fetal (p. 320) 2.Embryonic 3.Germinal 4.Critical period 5.Conception LO 8.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

11. 11 Infants are born into the world with a series of innate, involuntary reflexes that help to aid their survival. The reflex that is involved with response to a loud noise is called: 1.Sucking 2.Babinski 3.Grasping 4.Moro 5.Rooting LO 8.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

12. 12 Infants are born into the world with a series of innate, involuntary reflexes that help to aid their survival. The reflex that is involved with response to a loud noise is called: 1.Sucking 2.Babinski 3.Grasping 4.Moro (p. 321-322) 5.Rooting LO 8.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

13. 13 During which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development does a child obtain the understanding of object permanence? 1.Preoperational period 2.Sensorimotor period 3.Concrete operations 4.Formal operations 5.Post-formal operations LO 8.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

14. 14 During which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development does a child obtain the understanding of object permanence? 1.Preoperational period 2.Sensorimotor period (p. 326) 3.Concrete operations 4.Formal operations 5.Post-formal operations LO 8.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

15. 15 Each of the following are criticisms of Piaget’s model of cognitive development EXCEPT: 1.Piaget underestimated how early children develop an understanding of object permanence. 2.Preschoolers are not as egocentric as Piaget believed. 3.Piaget underestimated the role of social interactions in influencing the rate at which children develop cognitive skills. 4.Development may be more continuous than Piaget suggested. 5.Piaget did not believe that children’s cognitive understanding was qualitatively different than that of adults. LO 8.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

16. 16 Each of the following are criticisms of Piaget’s model of cognitive development EXCEPT: 1.Piaget underestimated how early children develop an understanding of object permanence. 2.Preschoolers are not as egocentric as Piaget believed. 3.Piaget underestimated the role of social interactions in influencing the rate at which children develop cognitive skills. 4.Development may be more continuous than Piaget suggested. 5.Piaget did not believe that children’s cognitive understanding was qualitatively different than that of adults. (p. 328) LO 8.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

17. 17 The order of stages of language development that are experienced by children of all cultures is: 1.Cooing, crying, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech 2.Crying, cooing, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech 3.Crying, cooing, one-word speech, babbling, telegraphic speech 4.Crying, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, cooing, babbling 5.Crying, cooing, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, babbling LO 8.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

18. 18 The order of stages of language development that are experienced by children of all cultures is: 1.Cooing, crying, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech 2.Crying, cooing, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech (p. 330) 3.Crying, cooing, one-word speech, babbling, telegraphic speech 4.Crying, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, cooing, babbling 5.Crying, cooing, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, babbling LO 8.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

19. 19 A child who ________________ is able to explore a room of toys happily in the presence of their mother, is temporarily distressed when a stranger enters the room and the mother leaves, but is happy again when the mother later returns. 1.has an easy temperament 2.has a slow-to-warm temperament 3.has secure attachment style 4.has an ambivalent attachment style 5.has a disorganized attachment style LO 8.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

20. 20 A child who ________________ is able to explore a room of toys happily in the presence of their mother, is temporarily distressed when a stranger enters the room and the mother leaves, but is happy again when the mother later returns. 1.has an easy temperament 2.has a slow-to-warm temperament 3.has secure attachment style (p. 333) 4.has an ambivalent attachment style 5.has a disorganized attachment style LO 8.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

21. 21 Infant monkeys who were separated from their mothers at birth: 1.preferred a wire “surrogate monkey” who held a bottle with their food source. 2.preferred a cloth “surrogate monkey” that felt very similar to the feel of their real-life mother. 3.spent little time around either of the “surrogate monkeys.” 4.spent equal amounts of time around each of the “surrogate monkeys.” 5.showed that the attainment of nourishment superseded the need for “contact comfort.” LO 8.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

22. 22 Infant monkeys who were separated from their mothers at birth: 1.preferred a wire “surrogate monkey” who held a bottle with their food source. 2.preferred a cloth “surrogate monkey” that felt very similar to the feel of their real-life mother. (p. 334- 335) 3.spent little time around either of the “surrogate monkeys.” 4.spent equal amounts of time around each of the “surrogate monkeys.” 5.showed that the attainment of nourishment superseded the need for “contact comfort.” LO 8.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

23. 23 During which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development might it be most important for a child to have opportunities for success (e.g., with school activities such as reading and writing)? 1.Trust vs. mistrust 2.Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3.Initiative vs. guilt 4.Industry vs. inferiority 5.Identity vs. role confusion LO 8.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

24. 24 During which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development might it be most important for a child to have opportunities for success (e.g., with school activities such as reading and writing)? 1.Trust vs. mistrust 2.Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3.Initiative vs. guilt 4.Industry vs. inferiority (p. 336) 5.Identity vs. role confusion LO 8.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

25. 25 A person who makes their moral judgments (i.e., of why an action is either right or wrong) that focuses on obtaining the approval of others is probably in which stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? 1.Pre-conventional 2.Conventional 3.Post-conventional 4.Initiative vs. guilt 5.Either the conventional or post-conventional stage LO 8.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

26. 26 A person who makes their moral judgments (i.e., of why an action is either right or wrong) that focuses on obtaining the approval of others is probably in which stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? 1.Pre-conventional 2.Conventional (p. 340) 3.Post-conventional 4.Initiative vs. guilt 5.Either the conventional or post-conventional stage LO 8.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

27. 27 In terms of physical development, all of the following occur as a person ages EXCEPT: 1.Speed of information processing declines 2.Physical strength begins to decline 3.Height decreases 4.Men go through a decline in testosterone, and may experience reduced sperm count 5.Disorders such as sleep apnea are less likely to occur with aging LO 8.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

28. 28 In terms of physical development, all of the following occur as a person ages EXCEPT: 1.Speed of information processing declines 2.Physical strength begins to decline 3.Height decreases 4.Men go through a decline in testosterone, and may experience reduced sperm count 5.Disorders such as sleep apnea are less likely to occur with aging (p. 343) LO 8.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

29. 29 The theory of aging that suggests that cells are limited in the number of times that they can reproduce to repair damage, and which is supported by the existence of telomeres, is: 1.Cellular clock theory 2.Wear-and tear theory 3.Free radical theory 4.Activity theory 5.Disengagement theory LO 8.10 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

30. 30 The theory of aging that suggests that cells are limited in the number of times that they can reproduce to repair damage, and which is supported by the existence of Telomeres is: 1.Cellular clock theory (p. 347) 2.Wear-and tear theory 3.Free radical theory 4.Activity theory 5.Disengagement theory LO 8.10 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

31. 31 All of the following are symptoms of ADHD EXCEPT: 1.Feelings of restlessness 2.Not paying attention when spoken to by others 3.Impatient and impulsive 4.Inability to pay attention to details 5.Prolonged attention but to inappropriate aspects of the social situation LO 8.11 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

32. 32 All of the following are symptoms of ADHD EXCEPT: 1.Feelings of restlessness 2.Not paying attention when spoken to by others 3.Impatient and impulsive 4.Inability to pay attention to details 5.Prolonged attention but to inappropriate aspects of the social situation (p. 349-350) LO 8.11 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

33. Critical Thinking & Student Opinion Slides 33 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

34. Which is correct? Anxious or cranky children are just born that way. A.True B.False 34 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

35. Which is correct? Anxious or cranky children are just born that way. A.True B.False 35 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

36. Which is correct? Boys develop moral reasoning faster than girls do. A.True B.False 36 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

37. Which is correct? Boys develop moral reasoning faster than girls do. A.True B.False 37 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

38. Which is correct? Adolescents are capable of making mature decisions. A.True B.False 38 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

39. Which is correct? Adolescents are capable of making mature decisions. A.True B.False C.It depends on the individual, but as a group, they are not good at making mature decisions. 39 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

40. Which is correct? There are only losses in development after age 40. A.True B.False 40 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

41. Which is correct? There are only losses in development after age 40. A.True B.False 41 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

42. How much do you agree? Parents today are different from parents 40 to 50 years ago. A.Strongly agree B.Agree C.Neutral D.Disagree E.Strongly disagree 42 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

43. How much do you agree? Parents today are less involved in their children’s lives compared to parents 40 to 50 years ago. A.Strongly agree B.Agree C.Neutral D.Disagree E.Strongly disagree 43 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

44. How much do you agree? Media (television, internet, cell phones, text messaging, etc.) makes parenting more difficult today compared to 40 to 50 years ago. A.Strongly agree B.Agree C.Neutral D.Disagree E.Strongly disagree 44 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

45. How much do you agree? Any intellectual skill or academic subject matter can be taught to a child of any age if the right teaching method is used. A.Strongly agree B.Agree C.Neutral D.Disagree E.Strongly disagree 45 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education