1. Vehicle Machinery Level I
Mod 3: Equipment

2. Equipment Tool Cache PPE Fire Suppression
Stabilization and Lifting Equipment
Extrication Equipment
Tool Cache

3. Personal Protective Equipment

4. Personal Protective Equipment
Headgear – NFPA,UIAA, CE
Footwear
Gloves – Fire Protection / Extrication Style
Headlamp
Eye Protection
Turn Out Gear or Extrication suit
SCBA

5. Personal Protective Equipment
Headgear
Three point suspension
High adjustability
Ventilation properties
Approved protective shell
Lightweight
Narrow profile
Lighting
Variable settings

6. Personal Protective Equipment
Fire Helmets shall be worn where fire hazard has not been completely mitigated or managed.
Helmets should be in compliance with NFPA standards.

7. Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves
Provide dexterity
Weather and environment appropriate
Reinforced to Protect palm and fingers
Fire Protection required where fire hazard has not been mitigated or managed.
Blood Born Pathogen Protection is a desired feature due to the high probability of exposure
Single purpose gloves vs. multi purpose gloves.
Cut Rating (5)

8. Personal Protective Equipment
Footwear
Provide ankle support
Weather and environment appropriate
Non slip sole with aggressive tread
Fire Protection
Toe Protection
Eye Protection
Impact Resistant
Fog Resistant

9. Personal Protective Equipment
Turn Out Gear or Extrication Suit are ensemble of Choice to provide cut resistance as well as fire protection.

10. Personal Protective Equipment
SCBA shall be worn during fire suppression operations and personnel in full fire PPE shall be in standby positions during extrication operations.

11. Fire Suppression
Appropriate apparatus shall be in place as well as fire suppression capabilities to address the potential volume and type of fire.
Due to the potential variables, multiple resources should be in place.

12. Stabilization Equipment
Vertical Stabilization and Lifting
Struts and Jacks
Cribbing
Horizontal Stabilization
Chain Assemblies
Wenches
Straps
Support
Wreckers

13. Stabilization Equipment
Struts and Jacks are designed to capture the load and either lift or pressurize to prevent movement of the vehicle.
These devices may be pneumatic, hydraulic, or mechanical.
Engineering capacities of these devices should be known and utilized to safely configure and apply such devices.

14. Stabilization Equipment
Hydraulic components utilize hydraulic fluid and pumps to pressurize or lift the load. Most of these elements do not provide a secondary mechanical capture and must be used in conjunction with cribbing or other elements to capture any progress of the load.

15. Stabilization Equipment

16. Stabilization Equipment
Mechanical components may be extended into place and pressurized utilizing lateral tensioning devices such as chain or strap assemblies or integrated levers / cranks.
These systems may require additional elements to provide lateral stability.

17. Stabilization Equipment

18. Stabilization Equipment
Pneumatic components typically combine mechanical elements with pneumatic elements and can be pressurized into place or utilized to chase or lift the load.
These systems may also require lateral stabilization components.

19. Stabilization Equipment

20. Stabilization Equipment
Cribbing may be manufactured or timber components and engineering capacities and configurations should be known to safely configure and apply.
Cribbing systems may include wedges, step chocks, and specialized pieces.

21. Box Cribbing
24000 #
54000 #

22. Stabilization Equipment

23. Stabilization Equipment
Airbag components include:
Airbags
Hoses
Air Supply
Regulator
Controller
Accessories

24. Stabilization Equipment
Airbags may be utilized to stabilize or lift a vehicle.
There are three basic types of airbags:
High Pressure – utilize 90 – 145 psi operating pressure. Minimal inflation heights.
Medium Pressure – utilize 8-12 psi operating pressure. Medium inflation heights.
Low Pressure – utilize 7 psi operating pressure. Maximum inflation heights.

25. Stabilization Equipment

26. Stabilization Equipment
Airbag capacities are based on the relationship between surface contact and pressure. This may be roughly calculated with the following formula:
Surface contact area X internal pressure = capacity
With most airbags this results in decreased lifting capacities as the airbag height increases.
Stacking airbags increases both lifting height and lifting capacity.
There are significant design variables with airbags that greatly impact this relationship as well as the applications for the airbags.

27. Stabilization Equipment
Airbag operations require an air supply which is typically an SCBA cylinder or apparatus cascade system.
The air supply must be regulated to the operating pressure of the airbags.
Hoses carrying the air supply should be color coded to differentiate airbags.
Different pressure airbags utilize different pressure hoses.
An airbag controller is required to inflate and deflate the airbags.
Shut off valves can be placed at the airbags to allow disconnection of hoses.

28. Stabilization Equipment
Some air bags have specialized accessories that allow connecting one airbag to another, point loading, and inflation and deflation procedures that work in conjunction with pneumatic struts.

29. Stabilization Equipment
Horizontal stabilization equipment includes:
Cribbing/Chocks
Chain Assemblies
Strap Assemblies
Winches
This equipment may be utilized to provide lateral stability to vehicles as well as vertical stabilization devices.

30. Stabilization Equipment
Chain Assemblies are comprised of:
Chain
Hooks
Master Links
Chain Shortener
Come-A-Long
These components can be utilized to tension oblects or to move objects.

31. Stabilization Equipment
Chain for rescue applications is typically grade 80 or grade 70 chain.
Grade 80 is a heat treated alloy steel chain that can be identified by embossing that contains the number 8.
Grade 70 is a heat treated carbon steel that can be identified by embossing that contains the number 7.
Chains should also be equipped with an ID tag that identifies the WLL (working load limit).

32. Stabilization Equipment
Two types of hooks for rescue applications:
Sling Hooks typically possess a latch and are designed to attach to a built in lifting point.
Grab Hooks are designed to attach to links of chain.

33. Stabilization Equipment
Master Links also known as oblong rings are designed to be connecting points between the chain and the pulling device.
Chain Shorteners are used to adjust the length of the chain

34. Stabilization Equipment
Come-A-Longs typically have a capacity of 2-3 tons and are available in two different types:
Cable Hoist – utilizes a steel cable.
Chain Hoist – utilizes a chain.

35. Stabilization Equipment
Strap Assemblies are comprised of a webbing strap, ratchet strap, and hooks.
These assemblies may be used in conjunction with chains, links, and tow clusters.

36. Stabilization Equipment
Winches are typically fixed or mobile units that are mounted to fire apparatus and utilize an electric motor to pull the steel cable.

37. Stabilization Equipment
When the load of the vehicle involved or the placement of the vehicle exceed the stabilization capacities of emergency responders, supporting agencies such as wrecker should be utilized.
Wreckers provide much greater capabilities for lifting and stabilizing heavy or precariously positioned vehicles.

38. Stabilization Equipment

39. Extrication Equipment
Extrication tools perform cutting and spreading operations that are intended to remove the vehicle from around the victim or to gain access to specific elements of the vehicle.
These tools should be thought of as systems which operate on various power sources:
Pneumatic
Electric
Hydraulic
Gas

40. Extrication Equipment
Pneumatic tool systems consist of:
Air source (cylinder)
Regulator
Supply hoses
Tools
Air Chisels
Whizzer or Cut Off Saw

41. Extrication Equipment
Air Chisels are effective tools for cutting sheet metal and shearing or cutting minor structural elements such as bolt heads.
Operating pressures are based on manufacturer’s recommendations for metal type and tip application.
Different tips perform different cuts.

42. Extrication Equipment
Whizzer Saws are effective for making small cuts in confined areas.
Whizzer saws utilize abrasive blades and produce high degree of sparks when cutting ferrous metals.
Fire suppression capabilities must be in place.

43. Extrication Equipment
Electric Equipment will require a power source which is typically the generator system from the apparatus or a portable generator when accessing a remote location beyond the reach of the cord reels.
The primary electric tool is the reciprocating saw.
An effective reciprocating saw is adequately powered and equipped with an appropriate Bi Metal blade.
Adjustable speed settings also allow for more effective cutting and blade usage.

44. Extrication Equipment
Reciprocating saws can very effectively cut glass, structural posts, and body panels or sheet metal.
Reciprocating saws can also be effective at cutting interior components such as seats, plastic panels, and other cosmetic features.
Battery powered saws are an option but will have limited operating times.

45. Extrication Equipment
Hydraulic cutting and spreading tools generate tremendous force and are designed to remove metal elements of the vehicle from around the patient.
Hydraulic extrication tool systems utilize a hydraulic reservoir and a manual pump, an electric (AC/DC) motor, or a gas powered pump.
Hoses are required for remote operating systems.

46. Extrication Equipment
NFPA Grade Cards
NFPA 1936
Requires all manufacturer’s tools to undergo specific testing regimen.
Cutters must complete 12 consecutive cuts on progressive dimensions and types of material. Material categories A – E. Dimension categories 1 – 9.
Spreaders must provide LSF, LPF, HSF, and HPF.
All tests are conducted by sanctioned laboratories.
Max Force numbers are theoretical calculations.
KNOW YOUR TOOLS!!!

47. Extrication Equipment
Manual Hydraulic tools utilize either an integrated pump or a remote pump with hoses.
These tools are lightweight and easily operated with a single valve controlling opening and closing operations.
Manual Hydraulic tools have moderate operating force and typically provide limited extrication applications.

48. Extrication Equipment
Electric Hydraulic tools utilize either a battery with an integrated electric pump or a remote electric pump with hoses.
The battery version is a relatively new innovation and offers portability and no hydraulic hoses, but is limited by battery operating time.
Remote electric pumps are typically mounted on the apparatus and hard wired to the apparatus generator.

49. Extrication Equipment
Gas Powered pumps may be portable or mounted on the apparatus and require hoses to carry hydraulic fluid to the tool.
Both electric and gas powered pumps are available with multiple ports to allow simultaneous operation of multiple tools

50. Extrication Equipment
Hydraulic hoses have various design features but they all require a hose that carries fluid to the tool and a hose returns fluid to the pump.
Couplings also have many variables but recent trends have incorporated single connection couplings that allow hot swapping of tools without diverting hydraulic flow.

51. Extrication Equipment
Hydraulic tools typically utilize a mineral based hydraulic fluid that is non hazardous.
Fluid selection should be based an manufacturer’s recommendation.

52. Extrication Equipment
Hydraulic tools include cutters, spreaders, rams, combi-tools and specialized tools.
These tools have different capabilities and the design features that should be known to apply them correctly.
Improper application of the tools can result in catastrophic tool failure.
These tools also require consistent maintenance based on the manufacturer’s recommendations.

53. Extrication Equipment
Design features for cutters include opening dimension, speed of operation, cutting force, operating pressure, and weight.
Cutters are designed to shear metal and can be applied to hinges, body panels, and posts and structural elements.
Cutters capable of cutting boron and high strength steels will be indicated as such.
Utilizing under powered cutters to cut high strength steel may result in catastrophic tool failure.

54. Extrication Equipment
Design features for spreaders include opening dimension, speed of operation, spread and close force, operating pressure, and weight.
Spreaders are design to separate two elements. They are used to pop doors, spread cuts, and displace vehicle components.
Spreaders also have tip attachments that incorporate chains and other specialized accessories.

55. Extrication Equipment
Design features for rams include travel dimension, speed of operation, spreading force, operating pressure, and weight.
Rams are designed to displace vehicle components.
Rams are also equipped with various heads and extensions that can be changed out for specific applications

56. Extrication Equipment
Design features for combi-tools include opening dimension, speed of operation, cutting and spreading force, operating pressure, and weight.
Combi-tools are designed perform cutting and spreading operations but are typically less powerful than a single purpose tool

57. Extrication Equipment
Specialized tools and accessories include anchoring elements such as rocker braces and specific application tools such as mini cutters.
These accessories have limited applications but can be very useful in maximizing tool function or accessing confined areas of the vehicle.

58. Extrication Equipment
There are a myriad of support tools for extrication:
Basic hand tools
Rotary Saws
Torches
Extrication Blankets
Lighting
Seat belt cutters
Windshield saws
Cable cutters
Wrenches and Sockets

59. Extrication Equipment
Patients will require EMS equipment that is based on mechanism of injury and presentation.
Immobilization devices and c spine management may require additional removal of vehicle components to accommodate appropriate application.