1. Imperial Relations
HIS 103

2. 3 Types of Colonies Royal (8) – governor appointed by Crown
Proprietary (Pennsylvania, Delaware & Maryland) – governor appointed by proprietor
Corporate (Connecticut & Rhode Island) – governor elected by colonists
Even royal governors usually co-opted by local elites
Usually not royal favorites
Had little patronage to hand out

3. Divided Colonial Administration
Board of Trade enforced Navigation Acts
Secretary of State for the Southern Dept. reviewed colonial laws & set policy
Treasury controlled customs collection
Admiralty controlled timber & naval stores
War Office in charge of army operations
View of Whitehall, 1740

4. Colonial Lobbying
In 1600s, colonies too poor & weak to cultivate London contacts
In 1700s, growing population & trade gave them impetus to begin lobbying
London began to pay more attention to colonies as they became more valuable
: 20% of imports, 10% of exports
: 36% of imports, 37% of exports
Relied on London agents to handle legal problems
Formed interest groups to lobby Parliament & Board of Trade

5. The Stuart & Hanover Dynasties

6. Wars versus France
King William’s War (War of the League of Augsburg, )
Necessary to secure Glorious Rev.
Queen Anne’s War (War of the Spanish Succession, )
Deerfield Massacre
Acadia conquered
King George’s War (War of the Austrian Succession, )
New Englanders took Louisbourg, but returned to France by treaty

7. Louisbourg, Cape Breton Island

8. French & Indian War,
Began disastrously with attack on Ft. Duquesne
Amherst captured Louisbourg (1758) & Ft. Ticonderoga (1759)
Wolfe captured Quebec (Sept. 17, 1759)
Montreal fell in 1760
Peace treaty forced withdrawal of France from North America
Lord Jeffrey Amherst

9. The Course of Battle

10. The French Withdrawal from North America

11. Albany Plan of Union (1754)
Drafted by Benjamin Franklin (future rebel) & Thomas Hutchinson (future loyalist)
Called for confederation of colonies:
President-General appointed by Crown
Grand Council elected by colonial legislatures, with representation proportional to population
Council to meet at least once a year in Philadelphia
Power to make treaties with Indians, defend colonies, form & administer new colonies, & raise taxes
Never adopted, but shows colonies were already thinking of unification
Thomas Hutchinson

12. By 1750s, colonies had necessary conditions for self-government
Stable, effective, acknowledged group of elites to exercise leadership
Network of administrative centers & institutions
Elastic political system able to absorb newcomers & resolve conflicts
Increasing size, population, wealth & economy to provide basis for resistance

13. Effects of French & Indian War on Imperial Relationship
Each side’s view of the other soured
British viewed Americans as cowards unfit for battle
Americans viewed British as immoral snobs – resented being treated as inferiors
Withdrawal of French removed reason for working together
Enormous expense of war left Britain in debt – needed to raise taxes
King George III determined to administer empire more effectively