1. GOVERNMENT, RELIGION, AND CULTURE The Colonies Grow: 1607-1770

2. English Colonial Rule Bkgd.  English Civil War- creates Parliament, takes power from throne  Charles II restores power to throne  James II takes over  Tries to take back Parliament’s power  Tighten control of colonies  1688  1688- Parliament removes James  Places daughter Mary as Queen and her Dutch husband William of Orange as King Glorious Revolution Change showed power of elected representatives over a monarch, called the Glorious Revolution  1689- English Bill of Rights  1689- William & Mary signed English Bill of Rights  Guarantees basic rights to all citizens American Bill of Rights  Later inspired creation of American Bill of Rights England colonies as economic resource  Colonies provided raw materials to England  England used materials to create final products  They sold back to colonies, & rest of world Navigation Acts Make sure only England benefitted from colonial trade, passed the Navigation Acts b/t 1651-1673  Laws that said colonial goods only sent to England  Goods sent to England only use English ships to send smuggling  Some colonists ignored these laws and began smuggling, or trading illegally w/ other nations  Begins to strain relationship b/t England and Colonies

3. Colonial Government By 1600’s the English people had won certain civil liberties  Rest of world had not known these ideas  B4 Monarchy rules all  Now believe people should have say Teachings of the Magna Carta (1215), John Locke, and Montesquieu (Fr.) become basis of people’s rights own gov’ts  As colonies grew, relied more on own gov’ts and local laws than throne  Colonies were then reclassified

4. Charter Colonies Proprietary Colonies Connecticut & Rhode Island Elected own governors, and legislatures  England had right to approve governor  Acts of legislature were upmost Delaware, Maryland, & Pennsylvania Ruled by proprietors (single owners)  Proprietors were free to rule as they wished  Appointed governor, and most of legislature Colonial Government

5. Royal Colonies Voting Rights Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Carolinas, & Virginia King controlled directly  King appointed governor, and council  Governor and council did what they were told by King  Often led to conflicts w/ colonist  Especially when trying to implement taxes and trade restrictions Colonial Legislatures only gave some people a voice  Could Vote  White, land-owning, men  Could NOT Vote  Women, indentured servants, landless, poor, & black  Still better than rest of European world Colonial Government

6. An Emerging Culture B/T 1720’s-1740’s:  religious revival sweeps through colonies Great Awakening  Called the Great Awakening  Called for return to strong faith of earlier days  Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield  Led to formations of many new churches  From New England to Georgia

7. Family Roles Throughout colonies…  Began to blend their traditions to new conditions in America American  Religion, education, and arts contributed to new American culture Colonial farm  Both home and workplace  Both cared for children  Women  Cooked, made butter, cheese, preserved food, spun yarn, made clothes, tended to chickens, and cows  Women could not speak, or vote in mtgs.  Married women under husband’s authority  Young, unmarried women held jobs until marriage  Widows and women who never married worked as teachers, nurses, or seamstresses Could own businesses and own land  Men  Worked fields, built barns, houses, and fences  Were formal heads of household  Managed farm  Represented family in community affairs apprentices  Families arranged for sons to be apprentices  There to learn a trade

8. Education and The Enlightenment Most colonists valued education  Children often taught to read and write at home  NE and PA created school systems  Massachusetts Puritans passed public education laws By 1750- NE had very high level of literacy  85% of men  50% of women Early colleges  Founded to teach future ministers  Harvard (1636)  William & Mary (1693) The Enlightenment The Enlightenment  mvmt. in Europe  Spread idea that knowledge, reason, and science, could improve society  In colonies… increased interest in science  Best known American scientist… Ben Franklin

9. Freedom of the Press 1735  John Peter Zenger, writer of NY Weekly Journal  Charged w/ libel and slander  Printed critical report on Royal NY Governor  Andrew Hamilton defends him in trial  Asks jury to look at whether it was truthful; not if it offended governor  Looked at as no big deal then  Now… Freedom of Press  basis for Freedom of Press