1. Drill  How is specific defense different from non- specific defense?  What cell is needed to activate both defenses?  What cells are produced from the T cell line? What cells are produced from the B cell line?  Which cell type is needed to activate the B cell line?

2. Drill  What is the difference between specific and non-specific response?  Objective(s)  Types of non specific response.  Brain dissection

3. Drill  Explain the difference between a non specific response and a specific response.  State 2 non specific responses. Objective(s)  Types of specific response.  Brain dissection

4. Drill  What is the purpose of antibodies?  How are the constant and variable regions on antibodies different?  Which region from above attaches to the antibodies? Objective(s) Explain the cell mediated response

5. Drill  Name the 2 types of lymphocytes and their location of development.  Where are they stored after their development? Objective(S). Describe how antibodies are produced and time frame of production. List and describe the diseases of the lymphatic system.

6.  How is natural immunity different from artificial immunity?  How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

7. Lymphatic System

8. I. Lymphatic Network A. Functions 1. __________________- Transport lost fluid (lymph) back to the circulatory system. 2. __________________ the body against pathogens. 3. ______absorption.

9. B. Lymphatic Capillaries 1. Microscopic ______________ found between cells. (Not found in the brain, spinal cord, bone, epidermis) 2. Similar to ______________. 3. ______________ Joined endothelial cells C. Lymphatic Vessels 1. ______________ three layers D. Lymph Nodes

10. Review  Name the functions of the lymphatic system.  State why lymphatic vessels are similar to veins.

11. E. Lymphatic Trunks & Collecting Ducts 1. ______________ – merging vessels. 2. ______________ – One duct before returning back to the heart. a. ______________ – left side of the head, neck, thorax, left arm, entire lower body. 1. Empties into ____ subclavin 2. Originates from ______________. b. ______________ Duct – Right side of the head, neck, right arm 1. Empties into _______ subclavin

12. F. Lymph Movement 1. Formation – Interstitial fluid formed by movement of blood plasma out of the capillary bed. a. Increased interstitial fluid, ______________ ______________ forces lymph pores open – fluid flows ______. 2. Movement a. Force of interstitial fluid entering vessel b. Similar to veins: 1. ______________ 2. ______________ Skeletal movement.

13. Review  How is a lymphatic trunk different from a lymphatic duct.  Which ducts drain the right side of the body?  Which ducts drain the left half of the body?

14. II. Lymphatic Organs A. True organs 1. ______________ tissue containing lymphocytes (white blood cells) B. Lymph Node 1. ________ – neck 2. _______ – armpit 3. ________ – groin 4. Deep with in C. Structure 1. ______________ Vessels – Towards. 2. _________- Concave margin 3. ______________ Vessels – Away. 4. ______________ 5. ______________ - Outer 6. ______________ – Inner 7. ______________ -Extensions 8. ______________ – Main structure of lymph nodes, gathering of WBC

15. D. Node Function 1. ______________ E. Spleen 1._________ lymphatic organ 2. _______________– outer, protection 3. _____________– Large number of red blood cells. 4. _______– Large number of white blood cells. F. Thymus 1. _______ active during immune response. 2. _______production 3. Capsule 4. Cortex 5. Medulla G. Tonsils 1. Two _______ – Back of palate 2. Two _______al –Upper throat 3. Two _______ – Base of tongue H. Peyer’s Patches 1. _______ located along the _____________

16. Review  What determines a true lymphatic organ?  What do true lymphatic organs contains?  What is the largest lymphatic organ of the body?

17. III. Defense Mechanisms A. Immune system has ability to _______foreign particles (pathogens &/or toxins). B. ____________________________ (MHC) – markers that can distinguish between self & non self. C. Two types of defense. 1. _______(innate) 2. _______ (adaptive) D. Type of responses 1. _______

18. Review  What are the two types of immune responses?  What determines is you will have a immune response?

19. E. Innate or Non Specific Mechanisms – Defends against all types of pathogens & has the same response. 1. ______________ a. _______ b. _______ membranes 2. ______________– Cellular Eating a. Monocytes b. Neutrophils c. Macrophages d. Natural Killer Cells Punches holes in cells. e. Swelling Basophils Mast cells Eosinophils

20. 3. _______ Mediators a. _______ 1. _______ proteins 2. Helps enhance phagocytes b. ______________ 1. Secreted by _______ cells to stimulate neighboring cells to produce antibodies.

21. 4. Inflammation a. _______ - _______ - chemical attraction of phagocytes -_______ permeability b. _______inflammation c. _________ inflammation

22. Review  How is a non specific response differ from a specific response?  What are the four types of non specific responses?

23. F. Specific Mechanisms – ____________________________ 1. Ability to _______a specific antigen or toxin. a. Antigen recognition b. Proliferation 2. Components of Immunity a. _______ – any substance that causes an immune response. b. ________ (Ab) (gamma globulins or immunoglobulins)– protein molecule that is produced in response to a specific antigen. - ____heavy chains - ____ light chains c. AB + Antigen = Antigen-Ab complex (inactivation)

24. d. Five Classes of Ab 1. ____ – Most common - small 2. – protection on body surfaces 2. ___ – protection on body surfaces 3. ____ – First to be produced – large 4. ____ – Antigen-antibody receptors 5. ____ – Allergies (bind to mast cells) e. – made for specific antigens e. _______ – made for specific antigens f. – same between all antibodies f. ________ – same between all antibodies

25. Specific Defense

26. e. _______ – come bone marrow 1. _______– develop in bone marrow a. _______ b. _______ – AB 2. _______– develop in thymus a. _______– destroy’s infected cell b. _______– stimulates immune system c. _______– stops the body’s response d. _______– remembers for future infections

27. Review What is a antigen? What is a antibody? How does the body recognize foreign antigens? What is the type of cells involved in specific immunity?

28. 3. _______– T cell response a. _______ invaded & infected cells. b. Macrophage _________ an antigen, phagocytized it, & processed it. c. Process antigen is _________ on macrophage surface & is presented to the T-cells. d. _______the T-cells.

29. Cell Mediated Response

30. Review  What is the first cell involved in the cell mediated response?  What are the four types of cells produced from the cell mediated response?

31. 4. ______________– Ab Response a. Macrophage identified an antigen, phagotized it, & processed it. b. Process antigen is placed on macrophage surface & is presented to the B-cells. c. Activates the ___-cells with the help of _______. d. Grows & multiple into _______cells (immunization) & _______ (Ab). e. AB production takes ____ days, peaks in 3 weeks. f. AB binds to antigen surface forming the antigen-Ab complex (inactivated). g. Labeled for destruction for natural killer cells.

32. Humoral Response

33. Review  1. What is the first cell type involved in the humoral response?  2. Which cell from the T-line is needed to aid the humoral response to activate?  3. What are two cell types produced in the humoral response? Which one produces antibodies?

34. Effect of Antibodies

35. Antibody Production

36. Specific response review

37. Review  What is the basic shape of the anitbody?  How do antibodies inactivate foreign antigens?  How long does it take to develop antibodies?  Why do you never come down with the symptoms from your second exposure on?

38. G. Allergic Response – _____________________. 1. _______Ab is released into blood in response to the allergen. 2. Comes into contact with the _______ (concentrated in skin & mucus layer). 3.Mast cell stores ______________. 4. ______________ + ______________= release of histamine (causes inflammation. Ex. Hives & asthma ____________________________ ____________________________ 5. ________________hypersensitivities – hay fever, asthma 6. ________________hypersensitivities – poison ivy, soaps, cosmetics

39. H. Acquired Immunity 1. Persons ability to mount a defense. 2. Two Types 1. ______________ acquired a. ________ – develop after exposure. ex- chicken pox, flu, measles. b. ________ – passed from 1 person to another. ex- Polio, rubella – mother to baby by placenta or breast milk. 2. ______________ Acquired - Vaccine Killed or weaken virus that causes an immune response ________ the symptoms. a. ________ – Lifelong ex. polio, measles b. ________ – Short term ex- rabies, hepatitis, tetanus, snake venoms.

40. Immunity

41. Review  Are allergies an innate or humoral immune response? Why?  What is released when allergies occur?  How can allergies be dealt with?  How is naturally & artificially acquired immunity different?  How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

42. IV. Homeostasis 1. Recycling valuable fluids. 2. Defense against diseases.

44. V. Immunodefiency 1. ________ are reduced which reduces the body’s ability to defend itself. a. Attacked by pathogens. b. Low level production. Ex 1. ________– Severe Combined Immundeficiency a. Born ________ the ability to produce active B & T cells. b. Treatment – bone marrow ________. 2. ________ a. Caused by ________ virus b. ________ the ________ T cells – body never knows it is getting invaded by other pathogens. c. ID in US – 1981 3. ________ – Cancer a. large multinucleated cell in affected lymphoid tissue b. 15-38 & over 50 yrs old.