1. 醫學二 B 杜立慈

5.  Depression happens when these chemical messages aren’t delivered correctly between brain cells, disrupting communication. Depression  Traditional treatment : Medicine and counseling  Medicines for depression →balancing chemicals in the brain  Many people don’t stay on depression medicine long enough  see your doctor regularly

8.  Yoga means union  The word "yoga" is a Sanskrit term derived from the root "Yuj", which means to yoke, join or unite  Asana: postures In hatha yoga (all physical forms of yoga come from hatha yoga)  Pranayama: different kinds of breathing methods  Union of body, mind and breath.  Meditation

9.  I. Introduction A. What is depression and how to cope with it. B. Thesis Statement: Yoga can be considered as a complementary therapy or an alternative method for medical therapy in the treatment of depression.  II. The relations between exercise and depression A. What benefits does exercise have? B. The mechanism for exercise to help depression

10.  III. The relations between yoga and depression A. Results of the two studies B. How does yoga works to improve mood and reduces depression?  IV. Discussion and Criticism A. The two inconsistent results B. the application of yoga for depression  V. Conclusion With appropriate design, yoga could be a good complementary and alternative treatment for depression.

11.  A. What benefits does exercise have?  Strengthens your body (heart, muscle and bones)  Energy levels↑  Blood pressure↓  Body fat ↓  Fit and Healthy  Reduces depression

12.  B. The mechanism for exercise to help depression 1.  Reduces stress  Wards off anxiety and feelings of depression  Boosts self-esteem  Improves sleep

13.  B. The mechanism for exercise to help depression 2. body releases endorphins  Endorphin:  interact with the receptors in your brain →reduce your perception of pain (like analgesics)  trigger a positive feeling in the body, similar to that of morphine (runner’s high)

14.  A. Results of the two studies  1. Yoga courses gave insignificant improvement of depression(Effects of yoga on depression and anxiety of women) Before yogaAfter yoga levels of depression FrequencyPercentageMean Standard deviation FrequencyPercentageMean Standard deviation P value Normal1955.8812.827.92367.6510.796.040.13 Mild1029.41823.53 Moderate411.7638.82 Severe12.9400.00 Total34100.0034100.00 Mean depressive scores (control group): 11.2 → 11 (P value = 0.25).

15.  A. Results of the two studies  2. Yoga appears to be a promising intervention for depression (Yoga as a Complementary Treatment of Depression) PositivePrePost Happy2.93.5 Relaxed2.63.8 Optimistic2.83.3 Confident2.83.4 Content2.63.4 NegativePrePost Stressed2.71.5 Sad2.62.0 Frustrated2.81.9 Irritated2.61.7 Depressed2.41.7 Anxious2.41.5 Blue2.41.7 Angry2.11.6 Energy/ArousalPrePost Attentive3.13.5 Fatigued3.22.4 Alert3.03.6 Tired3.32.6 Energetic2.43.4 Sleepy3.02.3

16.  B. How does yoga works to improve mood and reduces depression?  1. The similar effects as exercise to relieve depression (stress, anxiety, feelings of depression, sleeping quality…)  2. Asana, Pranayama, deep relaxation or meditation.  Body and Soul?

17.  A. The two inconsistent results  1. The causes and factors lead to the two different results  greater therapeutic time period?  performed only on females?  Difficulty to standardize and classify the severity  2. Different situations for cases in testing groups and other factors leading to the same, positive results  regular exercising, under other therapy

18.  B. the application of yoga for depression  1. Characteristics making it promising  Without medicine  Keep fit and be health  2. Difficulties it would meet  Measurement of the effects  Requires a systematical design and reasonable process  Medical cure or commercial product?

19. With appropriate design, yoga could be a good complementary and alternative treatment for depression.