1. What is it we’ve been covering for about a month now??

2.  The Age of Exploration refers to that time from the 1400s-1600s when many explorers took great risks to sail the seas and explore unknown lands. What things would have motivated them to do this? Try to list 3-5 ideas.

3.  In a well-composed paragraph, explain the reasons for the Age of Exploration, using the 3 G’s in your answer.

4. A new age of European exploration, discovery, expansion, and settlement began in the 1400s. What was going on at that time??  Renaissance  Population Increase  Centralization of Power (State-building)  New technology (navigation, printing press)

5.  GOD  Desire to spread Christianity to the “uncivilized.”  GOLD  Find gold, spices, and other riches.  GLORY  To become famous; associated with Renaissance spirit of curiosity

6.  First explorers – looking for a new trade route to Asia.  Land – too long and too dangerous  Arabs and Italians were the middlemen between Europe and East Asia.  Merchants wanted to bypass them and find a direct route.  How?

8.  Extremely valuable  Were used to preserve and flavor food, in medicine, and in perfume.  Where? Moluccas – island chain in present-day Indonesia. “Spice Islands”  How? New technology and improved knowledge (prior to 1400s, ships could not sail against wind)  Caravel, astrolabe, magnetic compass, better maps, better knowledge of wind patterns.

11.  Portugal led the way in the Age of Exploration.  Location – already traded along coast of Africa  Traded gold, ivory, slaves  Prince Henry – founded a school for navigators in 1419.  Bartolomeu Dias – 1488 – first person to round the southern tip of Africa – Cape of Good Hope  Vasco da Gama – 1498 – first person to reach India by this route

12.  Portugal’s success in Asia made other countries jealous, especially Spain.  Christopher Columbus  Rejected by Portugal, sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella  His idea: sail west across the Atlantic to reach Asia  Thought it would only take a few weeks  Underestimated the circumference of the Earth  Didn’t know the Americas existed  Left Spain in August 1492; reached land on Oct 12.

13.  Believed he had reached the East Indies.  “Indians”  Was really in the Bahamas.  Made 3 return visits; claimed land for Spain; exploitation of natives; empire building  Why America? Amerigo Vespucci (Italian explorer’s journal used to publish a map of the new continents)  Columbus died in 1506, still believing he had reached Asia.  Line of Demarcation/Treaty of Tordesillas

14.  The pope divided the non-European world into 2 zones:  SPAIN—trading and exploration rights west of the line  PORTUGAL—rights east of the line  Geography still imprecise.  But other nations convinced they needed to build their own empires quickly.

15.  Was Portuguese but sailed for Spain  Left Spain on Sept 20, 1519  5 ships; 277 men  1 ship was lost along the coast of S America  Strait of Magellan – Pacific Ocean (peaceful)  Continued on: 4 months  Ate rats, maggots, and sawdust to survive  Scurvy was common (rotted gums, gangrene)  3 ships made it to the Philippines.  3 G’s accomplished.

16.  Spread Christianity to natives after performing a faith healing on the king’s brother  Set up trade with the king  Trade route west to Asia  Magellan was killed in battle here.  Only 1 ship (Victoria) makes it back to Spain in 1522 with 18 men.  1 st to circumnavigate the globe!

17.  Conquistadors  (1) Cortés=Aztecs  Emperor Moctezuma thought he might be an Aztec god-king; convinced to sign over land and treasure; a brutal struggle, emperor dies  Tenochtitlán=Mexico City

18.  (2) Pizarro: Peru’s Incan empire  Ruler Atahualpa refuses to convert, killed, Incas decimated by disease

19.  Land/tribute demanded from Native Americans by the Spanish (mining, farming, ranching)  More laborers needed=importing Africans

20.  A blending of Native American, European and African cultures  Pyramid of social classes:  TOP: Peninsulares (born in Spain)  MIDDLE: Creoles (American born descendants of Spanish settlers)  BOTTOM:  Mestizos (Native American and European descent)  Mulattoes : (African and European descent)

21.  The Triangular Trade  The Middle Passage  --readings/discussion

23.  Read article

24.  Crash Course:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM 4  4 categories:  Disease  Animals  Plants  People

26.  Do the 5 W’s and H of the Columbian Exchange