1. 1 Semester Test Review 1. A cappella – vocal music without accompaniment 2. Tempo – speed of music 3. Range – all the notes a voice can sing 4. Tone – the quality of sound produced 5. Diction – clear pronunciation of words 6. Time signature – tells the number of beats in a measure 1. The top number tells you the number of beats in a measure 2. The bottom number tells you the type of note that gets the steady beat. 7. Phrase – musical thought or sentence

2. 2 1. Composer – Person who writes the music 2. Diaphragm – muscle used for breath support 3. Unison – Everyone singing the same note 4. Choir – A group of voices singing as one voice 5. Score – the music book you read from 6. Choral Score – Vocal parts with the piano 7. Intonation – the degree to which pitch is accurately produced. Semester Test Review

3. 3 1. Dynamics – symbols used to tell the volume of music. 2. Forte – Loud 3. Mezzo Forte – Medium Loud 4. Piano – Soft 5. Mezzo Piano – Medium Soft 6. Pianissimo – Very Soft 7. Crescendo – gradually get louder < 8. Decrescendo – gradually get softer >

4. 4 Semester Test Review 1. Quarter Note – 1 beat 2. Dotted Half Note – 3 beats 3. Half note – 2 beats 4. Whole Note – 4 beats 5. Eighth Note – ½ beat 6. Sixteenth Note – ¼ beat

5. 5 Semester Test Review 1. Quarter Rest – 1 beat 2. Half Rest – 2 beats 3. Whole Rest – 4 beats 4. Eighth Rest– ½ beat 5. Sixteenth Rest – 1/4 beat

6. 6 Semester Test Review Flat Lowers the pitch of a note by ½ step. Flat

7. 7 Semester Test Review Sharp Raises the pitch of a note by ½ step. Sharp

8. 8 Semester Test Review Natural Cancels a previous accidental Natural

9. 9 The Staff This is a staff. It has five lines and four spaces. We count the lines and spaces starting from the bottom.

10. 10 The Staff Barlines are used to divide the staff into measures. This is measure.

11. 11 The Treble Clef 1. This is a treble clef. 2. It is used for high notes. Instruments like the flute and violin read music written in the treble clef.

12. 12 The Treble Staff The notes on the treble staff lines are E G B D F.

13. 13 A saying to help you remember the lines of the treble staff is: Every Good Boy Does Fine

14. 14 Spaces of the Treble Staff The notes on the treble staff spaces are F A C E.

15. 15 (Face also rhymes with space... and it is spelled by the notes on the spaces of the treble clef... very clever!) F A C E The notes on the treble staff spaces are F A C E.

16. 16 This is a bass clef. It is used for low notes. Instruments like the tuba and string bass read music written in the bass clef.

17. 17 A staff with a bass clef This sign is called a bass staff.

18. 18 The notes on the bass staff The lines are G B D F A.

19. 19 A saying to help you remember the lines of the bass staff is: Good Boys Do Fine Always

20. 20 The notes on the bass staff spaces are A C E G.

21. 21 Misc. Notes 1. When breathing your stomach should move out to indicate the lowering of your diaphragm. 2. A good seated singing position is feet flat on the floor, moved to the edge of the seat so your back is not touching the back of the chair; chest high, shoulders low.

22. 22 A saying to help you remember the spaces of the bass staff is: All Cows Eat Grass

23. 23 Voice Parts 1. Soprano – The Highest Female Singing Voice 2. Alto – A Lower Female Singing Voice 3. Tenor – A high male singing voice 4. Bass – A low male singing voice

24. 24 Misc. Notes 1. You should always use a pencil when marking in your score. 2. The five pure vowel sounds: Ah Eh Ee Oh Oo 3. Decibels – Measurement for recording levels of sound. 4. A comma is used to indicate a breath mark in music. 5. Divisi – vocal parts are divided