1. OVERVIEW BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA
T.Basuki, L.B.S. Kardono & M. Hanafi
Research Center for Chemistry
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

3. Third Generation Biotech= Functional Genomics and Proteomics
Biotechnology, in wider sense, in Indonesia can be said having meaning both of old biotechnology (such as tempe-fermented soybean, tape-fermented cassava/glutinous rice) and new biotechnology (such as protein structure, third generation biotechnology)
Biotechnology consists of Traditional and Modern Biotech: Medical, Agro, Environmental, Chemical, and Food Biotechnology
Third Generation Biotech= Functional Genomics and Proteomics
Targeted Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Stem cells, should be the Focus for Asia
BINASIA should become the Information Hub for Biotech Asia
Governments must stimulate Innovation in R&D through various Incentives

6. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

7. The Scientific Development of Biotechnology and Its Industrial Applications

12. Targeted medicine, Tissue engineering and Stem cells
Because people have a different genetic make up, the effect of drugs will also differ. This new branch of medicine is now called pharmacogenetics, which study the effect of drugs on genetically different populations. It is now known that treatment of hypertension, cancers, and other diseases will result in a negative response in certain groups of patients, resulting in waste of money as well as exposing unnecessary adverse reactions to patients.

13. TARGETED THERAPY
Targeted therapy addresses the needs of specific patient populations. Patients want to know whether they are likely to benefit from a drug, while minimizing their risk of negative side effects.
Targeted medicine may improve drug efficacy by better understanding the genetic associations to disease.
Identifying patients most likely respond to a specific drug will improve patient compliance with a therapy. This is especially true in patients with oncology therapy, where the side effect are severe. Herceptin, a drug for breast cancer patients is the prototype drug.

14. TISSUE ENGINEERING
Tissue engineering, is also a new field and hold many promises and potentials for future therapy.
From the internet, the topic of “tissue engineering” generates a response of 593,000 hits. So, enough literature to search and read.

15. STEM CELLS
Stem cell or Regenerative Medicine is very much related with tissue engineering. It is basically a new science which is developed from embryology and cloning research.
When an oocyte is fertilized by sperm to become a zygote, at the blastocyst stage, an inner mass is formed, which is pluripotent, meaning that these cells can differentiate into all 210 tissue in the body.
Presently, much research is done to direct the development of these embryonic stem cells, to cardiomyocytes, dopaminergic nerve cells, beta-cells of Langerhans, and neurons.
In mice, good results have been achieved to replace infarcted tissue by new cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells, neurons and other tissues.

16. The Future of Regenerative Medicine/Stem Cells

18. Nucleus of patient transferred to enucleated human oocyte
Nucleus of patient transferred to enucleated human oocyte. Inner cell mass from blastocyst cultured and stimulated to form specific cell types required for THERAPY----Diabetes, Parkinson, Cancer, Stroke etc,

19. The Chemo-attractive homing hypothesis of circulating STEM CELLS, attracted to injury, in the infarcted area

20. Biotechnology: Present and Future

21. Development of Biotechnology
in Indonesia is started in the mid 1980’s
Under the coordination of
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Research and Technology
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Health

22. INDONESIA BIOTECHNOLOGY CONSORTIUM (Konsorsium Bioteknologi Indonesia)
Established on October 14, 1994
34 Institutions: 11 (RC); 10 (University), 3 (BPPT), 5 Industries, 2 Hospitals
Founding members: 3 IUC Biotechnology (ITB, IPB, UGM)
Members :
RC from Universities (Public and Private)
RC from Department and non-Department
Institutions from private sectors/industries

23. Universitas Diponegoro Universitas Indonesia Universitas Soedirman
MEMBERS OF KBI (1) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS Universities (Public - Private)
Universitas Diponegoro
Universitas Indonesia
Universitas Soedirman
Universitas Brawijaya
Universitas Udayana
Inst Teknologi Indonesia
Univ Muhamadiyah Malang
Universitas Lampung
Universitas Surabaya
Universitas Negeri Malang

24. MEMBERS OF KBI (2) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER ON BIOTECHNOLOGY
Mininistry of Research and Technology
Center for the assessment biotech (BPPT)
Center for the assessment and application bioindustry technology (BPPT)
Starch Technology Center (BPPT)
LIPI
Research Center for Biotechnology
Research Center for Chemistry
Department of Agriculture
Research Center of Agriculture & Genetics Resources
Research Center for Horticuluture
Biotech Research Unit for Crops Estate

25. MEMBERS OF KBI (3) INSTITUTIONS FROM PRIVATE SECTORS/ INDUSTRIES
PT. ESA MEDIKA MANDIRI
PT SENTRA BIOSAINS DINAMIKA
PT MONAGRO KIMIA
PT FAJAR MAS MURNI
PT EAST WEST SEED INDONESIA
HOSPITALS :
Rajawali Hospital
Tegalrejo Hospital

26. ROLE OF INDONESIA BIOTECHNOLOGY CONSORTIUM
GOVERNMENT: POLICY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTOR
MEMBERS:
SHARING INFORMATION AND RESOURCES
JOINT ACTIVITIES
INDONESIA BIOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE

27. Strategic Plan of the Development of Biotechnology in Indonesia
KBI involves in preparing a concept of Strategic Plan of the Development of Biotechnology in Indonesia (“SPDBI”), from
This effort was under the coordination of the Ministry of Research and Technology

28. Biotechnology applications in three main fields have been elaborated in “SPDBI”:
Medicine and human health;
Agriculture, food production, and fisheries;
Industries, environment protection and remediation

29. Biotechnology Research Priorities in the field Medicine and human health
Genetics disorders,
Infectious diseases,
Degenerative and malignancy diseases

30. Biotechnology Research Priorities in the field Agriculture, and marine
Isolation and identification of abiotic stress resistance gene(s) markers
Field tests for efficacy and food safety,
Development of diagnostic kit for marine pollutant and pathogens

31. Biotechnology Research Priorities in the field of industries, environments protection and remediation
Development of recombinant vaccine production
Development of novel antibiotics from local microbes
Environment protection and bioremediation

32. The critical success factors for the development of biotechnology:
Infrastructure development,
Regulatory/cultural environment,
Policy development,
Human resource development,
Finance and resource mobilization

33. Must pay attention & consider
Socio-cultural and esthetical
Religious and ethical norm

34. MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA

35. Biotechnology application in food production in Indonesia
Tissue culture
Marker aided selection
Transgenesis
Genomics – ‘functional genomics’ –

36. Tissue culture
Plant tissue culture and micropropagation techniques are well established in several laboratories
Commercial production : banana, oil palm, orchid, teak and fast growing trees

37. Transgenic Indonesian aromatic rice resistant to yellow stem borer insect – approved for limited field trial – LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences)
λHindIII
cry1Ab
cry1Ab
transgenic
Non transgenic

38. Other transgenic plants develop in Indonesia i.e.:

39. Functional Genomics sequence transcriptomics proteomics
Genome sequence
Data mining
Functional analysis of unknown ORFs
DNA Microarray
transcriptomics
Transcriptome
Global gene regulation
Differential gene expression
Functional genomics
proteomics
Proteome
Protein level
Protein interactions
Structure/function
Metabolome
Kinetic parameter
Modeling metabolic pw
Bioinformatics
Statistics
Linking database
Pattern recognition
Whole cell simulations
Applications

46. Recommendations
Considering the limited financial and human resources Indonesia, therefore, focus of the focus of all Biotechnology field must be taken
The Government must STIMULATE INNOVATION by giving TAX INCENTIVES to industries doing R&D
Efforts must be made to Facilitate Government-University-Industry cooperation
Applied Research in Universities and Government institutions should be done in close cooperation with industries
BINASIA should become the communication hub for International Cooperation and Technology Transfer

47. Recommendations (cont. ……………..)
In order to understand better on BINASIA, IBC –particularly IBC member’s institutions- are encouraged to open the website and to fill their specific activities accordingly.
IBC periodical meeting should cover report on the progress of IBC member institutions to engage with the respective institution(s) from other BINASIA member countries.

48. THANK YOU