1. Animal Organ Systems Anatomy and Physiology

2. Fundamentals of Life  All living things are made up of cells.  Cells are the most basic structure of life.  Cells need oxygen, food/energy, and water to survive.

3. Natural Hierarchy  Cells are the most basic and simple.  Cells that are all alike work together to form tissues which perform tasks.  Tissues that are alike work together to form organs which complete jobs.  Organs work together in organ systems to carry out processes.  Organ systems work together to support the life of an organism.

4. How do we study animals?  We look at the outside of them – the outer physical structures.  We look inside of dead animals – the internal physical structures.  We look at the tissues under a microscope – microscopic structures.  We study the chemical reactions between cells, tissues, and organs.

5. Anatomy  The study of the form, shape, and appearance of an animal – its structures both internal and external.  Gross anatomy is the study of the structures – internal and external – that we can see with the naked eye.  Microscopic anatomy is the structures that can only be seen under magnification

6. Physiology  The study of the functions of the cells, tissues, and organs of the animal.  Biochemistry  How cells, tissues and organs work together to complete a task…digestion.

7. Organ Systems  Skeletal  Muscular  Nervous  Circulatory  Respiratory  Excretory  Digestive  Endocrine  Integumentary  Reproductive

8. Circulatory  Heart  Technically a muscle  Pumps blood with 4 chambers and 2 valves  Arteries  Carry oxygen rich blood from lungs and heart to tissues  Veins  Carry blood back from tissues to lungs and heart.

9. Circulatory – Heart - exterior

10. Circulatory – Heart - interior

11. Circulation – the flow of blood

12. Circulatory – Arteries and Veins Vena CavaAorta

13. Circulatory  Plasma  Liquid part of blood – 55% of volume  red blood cells  Erythrocytes  Carries O2 and carbohydrates (glucose)  Platelets  Thrombocytes  Makes blood clot Blood  white blood cells Neutrophil Monocyte Lymphocyte Eosinophil Basophil  Fights pathogens

14. Circulatory - Blood

15. Circulatory – Stained blood smears ErythrocytesBasophil Nuetrophil Lymphocyte Thrombocyte Monocyte Eosinophil

16. Circulatory  Also includes the Lymph Glands  Secrete disease fighting materials  Moves materials throughout the body