1. Marine Food Web sunlight phytoplankton zooplankton carnivores benthic & pelagic suspension feeders other carnivores Arrows show flow of energy and materials.

2. What is plankton? Comes from the Greek word “to roam” Cannot swim against ocean currents. Can move their limbs but their overall position or location is determined by water currents

3. Where are they? Pelagic division –Open water at all depths Transparent Constantly moving Photic zone –Light penetrates 100 meters

4. Phyto- or Zooplankton? PhytoplanktonZooplankton Dinoflagellates Diatoms

6. Adaptations AdaptationReasoning SmallRequires less food TransparentCamouflage Spiny extensions Protection and prevent sinking OilsBuoyancy Large eyesSight

7. Transparency

8. Spiny extensions

9. Large eyes

10. Phytoplankton Photosynthetic autotrophs –Diatoms –Dinoflagellates –Bacteria

11. Diatoms Greek Dia = across and tom = to cut Enclosed with 2 silicone shells May produce oil for buoyancy Can cause shellfish poisoning

12. Impact May turn water green

13. Dinoflagellates Greek Dinos = rotating and flagellate = flagella Red or brown accessory pigments external armored plates of cellulose motile by means of flagella Non-motile symbiotic zooxanthellae stage found in corals

14. Impact Toxic –Saxitoxins=paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) –Brevitoxins=neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) –Pfiesteria – red tide

15. Bioluminescent Special bacteria

16. Dinoflagellates

17. Zooplankton Planktonic heterotrophic organisms –Animals Larval stages Copepods –Protozoans

18. Where do they go? Holoplankton –Permanent plankton krill, copepods, jellyfish Meroplankton –Temporary plankton Sea urchin, starfish, crab, lobster, octopus