1. Algae- Plant- like Protists Textbook 17.4 pp. 390-394

2. Plant –like Protists- Algae Autotrophs- Photosynthetic- chloroplasts-supply O 2 Classified by: Type of cell wall Pigments Structure Storage carbohydrates Reproduce asexually and sexually Most are unicellular; some are colonial and multicellular

3. Euglena

4. Euglenoids Single celled Photosynthetic One or two flagella Lack cell wall Live in freshwater Example- Euglena- can be both an autotroph and a heterotroph.

5. B. Dinoflagellates Single-celled; found in fresh and salt water. Cellulose cell wall. Two flagella. Plankton- surface of ponds, lakes, oceans Serve as basis of aquatic food chains. Phytoplankton- photosynthetic Zooplankton- non-photosynthetic protozoans Algae blooms- population explosion due to excess nitrates. Red tides Toxins deadly to fish and humans Pfiesteria- bleeding sores in fish; neurotoxin affects humans Bioluminescent- some produce light.

6. C. Diatoms Single-celled algae found in fresh & salt water. Glass-like cell wall of silica- Many different refractile shapes All contain chlorophyll; but other pigments Many colors of brown or yellow. Impt. Food source for marine animals. Float near the surface- oil reserves. When diatoms die; sink and fossil remains- diatomaceous earth are mined. Uses- grinding/polishing products, filter materials, toothpaste.

7. D. Seaweeds Large multicellular algae Not plants- No true roots,stems, or leaves. All have chlorophyll. 3 groups based on pigments/ color. Brown algae- Kelp- biggest- up to 60 m. Red algae- tropical- deepest waters; 1 type=agar. Green algae- evolutionary ancestor of plants. Single- celled- Chlamydomonas with 2 flagella Colonial- Volvox ( 100-1000s of cells moving in unison) Multicellular- filaments- Oedogonium, Spirogyra Seaweed Uses-

8. Fungus-like Protists Textbook 17.3 pp.387-389

9. Fungus-like Protists A. Slime “molds” Not true molds which are fungi Decompose dead organic mater 2 types: Plasmodial Slime Molds- Cellular Slime Molds

10. 1. Plasmodial Slime Molds Plasmodium- mass of cytoplasm,no membranes, no cell walls, many nuclei. Giant supercell,streaming cytoplasm – amoeba like. Life Cycle- Limited resources- reproductive structures- fruiting bodies (sporangia) formed. Sporangia release haploid spores. Better conditions- haploid spores fuse into diploid zygote. New plasmodium develops.

11. 2. Cellular Slime Molds Unicellular and Multicellular stages Individual, colony, and spore stages. Asexual and Sexual reproduction. Scarce food- cells stick together Slug-like colony Trail of slime

12. B. Water molds- Oomycota Freshwater. Decomposed dead plants,animals. Parasitic forms- skin or gills of fish. Unicellular or multicellular Sexual reproduction- egg cell

13. Downy molds Reproduce sexually- egg cell Spores- wind blown Plant parasites Irish potato famine –mid 1800s Example of effects of clones Lack of genetic variation Water and Downy molds- DNA studies More closely related to plant-like protists (algae)

14. Evolution Textbook 17.5 pp. 395-397

15. Evolution hypothesis Protists evolved from ancient prokaryotes Animals, Plants, and Fungi evolved from animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protists 2 main processes-explain complex eukaryotic cell. Infolding Endosymbiosis

16. Infolding: Inward folding of cell membrane of bacterial cells Produced internal membranes of eukaryotic cells: nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus. Eukaryotic Cell- separate compartments for chemical reactions.

17. Endosymbiosis: Explains mitochondria & chloroplasts Phagocytosis of smaller bacteria into a host cell resulting in a symbiotic relationship. Mitochondria- engulfment of aerobic bacteria. Chloroplasts- engulfment of photosynthetic bacteria. Evidence- Mitochondria & chloroplasts are similar to bacteria Contain DNA, RNA & ribosomes. Replicate their DNA and reproduce by binary fission. Giardia have no mitochondria.