1. Review of Annex 1 of the GLWQA March 21, 2001 Workshop Ann Arbor, Michigan Limno-Tech, Inc. Environmental Engineering Prepared for: Parties Implementation Work Group Science Advisory Board, IJC

2. Outline Objectives of ReviewObjectives of Review Presentation of Approach and FindingsPresentation of Approach and Findings Issues to ResolveIssues to Resolve

3. Objectives of Review Compile information on:Compile information on: –Status of the Great Lakes relative to chemicals listed in Annex 1 –Relationship of current policy values to Specific Objectives –Conceptual basis and rationale for current policy values –How each agency assesses compliance with their policy values for open waters of the Great Lakes

4. Caveat Not exhaustive compilation of all data availableNot exhaustive compilation of all data available Data do not represent comprehensive spatial or temporal coverageData do not represent comprehensive spatial or temporal coverage Data were assumed to meet QA/QC requirementsData were assumed to meet QA/QC requirements Did not interview every agency with a regulatory mandate in the Great LakesDid not interview every agency with a regulatory mandate in the Great Lakes Comments related to key omissions are welcomed - Report is a draftComments related to key omissions are welcomed - Report is a draft

5. Annex 1 Specific Objectives I. Chemical –Persistent Toxic Substances u Organic u Inorganic –Non-Persistent Toxic Substances u Organic u Inorganic –Other Substances II. Physical III. Microbiological IV. Radiological

6. Persistent Toxic Substances; Organic Concentration not to be Exceeded A.Persistent Toxic Substance 1. Organic Water (ug/l) Whole Body Fish (ug/g, ww) Edible Fish (ug/g, ww) (a)Pesticides Aldrin/Dieldrin 0.0010.3 Chlordane 0.06 DDT and Metabolites 0.0031.0 Endrin 0.0020.3 Heptachlor/Heltachlor Epoxide 0.0010.3 Lindane 0.010.3 Methoxychlor 0.04 Mirex <DL<DL Toxaphene 0.008 (b)Other Compounds Phthalic Acid Esthers 0.2 - 4.0 PCBs 0.1 Unspecified Organic Compounds <DL<DL<DL

7. Persistent Toxic Substances; Inorganic Concentration not to be Exceeded A.Persistent Toxic Substance 2. Inorganic Water (ug/L) Whole Body Fish (ug/g, ww) Edible Fish (ug/g, ww) (a)Metals (total) Arsenic 50 Cadmium 0.2 Chromium 50 Copper 5 Iron 300 Lead 10/20/25 Mercury 0.20.5 Nickel 25 Selenium 10 Zinc 30 (b)Other Inorganic Substances Fluoride 1200 Total Dissolved Solids 200

8. Non-Persistent Toxic Substances and Other Substances Concentration not to be Exceeded B.Non-Persistent Toxic Substance 1. Organic Substances Water (ug/L) Whole Body Fish (ug/g, ww) Edible Fish (ug/g, ww) (a)Pesticides Diazinon 0.08 Guthion 0.005 Parathion 0.008 Other Pesticides Toxicity (b)Other Substances Unspecified Non-Persistent Toxic Substances & Complex Effluents Toxicity 2.Inorganic Substances Un-ionized ammonia 20 Total ammonia 500 Hydrogen Sulfide 2

9. Comparison to Most Recent Field Data Screening-level comparison of current (past 5 years) representative dataScreening-level comparison of current (past 5 years) representative data Selected data for open water onlySelected data for open water only Selected data that are representative and sufficient to make comparisons (=, )Selected data that are representative and sufficient to make comparisons (=, ) Contacted primarily federal agencies that monitor open watersContacted primarily federal agencies that monitor open waters Obtained data for same media as objective (water, whole fish, edible fish)Obtained data for same media as objective (water, whole fish, edible fish)

10. Criteria for Selection of Data WaterWater –Data usually available for each lake from one source FishFish –Selected adult top predator species preferentially u Lake Trout (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Ontario) u Walleye (Lake Erie) –Selected skin-on-fillet data preferentially over dorsal plug data because generally more conservative in data sets examined

11. Primary Sources of Data WaterWater –U.S. EPA GLNPO –Environment Canada Whole Body Fish TissueWhole Body Fish Tissue –U.S. EPA GLNPO –Canadian DFO –State of Michigan Edible Fish TissueEdible Fish Tissue –U.S. EPA GLNPO –Ontario Sport Fish Contaminant Monitoring Program –State of Michigan

12. Pesticides < Objectives in all lakes (with few exceptions)Pesticides < Objectives in all lakes (with few exceptions) Metals < Objectives in all lakesMetals < Objectives in all lakes Not all parameters monitored in all lakesNot all parameters monitored in all lakes Results of Data Comparisons Water

13. Results of Data Comparisons Whole Fish DDT+ in Lake MI > 1.0 ug/g (ww)DDT+ in Lake MI > 1.0 ug/g (ww) Mirex in Lake Ontario > DLMirex in Lake Ontario > DL PCBs in all lakes > 0.1 ug/g (ww)PCBs in all lakes > 0.1 ug/g (ww) Mercury in all lakes < 0.5 ug/g (ww)Mercury in all lakes < 0.5 ug/g (ww)

14. Results of Data Comparisons Edible Fish Aldrin/Dieldrin < 0.3 ug/g (ww)Aldrin/Dieldrin < 0.3 ug/g (ww) Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide < 0.3 ug/g (ww)Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide < 0.3 ug/g (ww) Endrin < 0.3 ug/g (ww)Endrin < 0.3 ug/g (ww) Lindane < 0.3 ug/g (ww)Lindane < 0.3 ug/g (ww)

15. Comparison to Current Policy Values Definition of “policy value” - any criteria, standard guideline, or objective promulgated by agencies.Definition of “policy value” - any criteria, standard guideline, or objective promulgated by agencies. Policy values reflect:Policy values reflect: –Current knowledge base related to exposure and effects of contaminants in the environment –Interest in protecting human, aquatic, fish and wildlife use of water, sediment and tissue –Improvements in analytical methods since Annex 1

16. Policy Values for Water UnspecifiedUnspecified –Some Annex 1 Specific Objectives For the protection of aquatic lifeFor the protection of aquatic life –Some Annex 1 Specific Objectives –Canadian Water Quality Guidelines –Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objectives –U.S. EPA Water Quality Guidance (GLI) and States For the protection of human healthFor the protection of human health –GLI and States For the protection of wildlifeFor the protection of wildlife –GLI and States

17. Comparison of Policy Values for Water Many inconsistencies between Objectives and policy valuesMany inconsistencies between Objectives and policy values Compared to policy values for protection of aquatic life, Objectives are often the lowest valueCompared to policy values for protection of aquatic life, Objectives are often the lowest value GLI criteria for protection of human health and wildlife usually lowest values overallGLI criteria for protection of human health and wildlife usually lowest values overall Some policy values for metals are hardness- dependentSome policy values for metals are hardness- dependent Policy values have been promulgated for many substances not listed in Annex 1Policy values have been promulgated for many substances not listed in Annex 1

18. Policy Values for Whole Fish For the protection of wildlife consumersFor the protection of wildlife consumers –Annex 1 Specific Objectives u DDT, Mirex, PCBs & mercury for protection of fish-consuming aquatic birds –Canadian Tissue Residue Guidelines u DDT, PCBs & Toxaphene for protection of wildlife consumers of aquatic biota –Ontario Fish Tissue Residue Criteria u DDT & mercury for protection of fish-consuming birds and in the case of mercury, aquatic life –GLI and States u Water criteria for protection of wildlife derived from fish tissue triggers for DDT, mercury, PCBs, 2,3,7,8-TCDD

19. Policy Values for Edible Fish Tissue For the protection of human healthFor the protection of human health –Annex 1 Specific Objectives for 5 pesticides –Uniform Sport Fish Consumption Advisory Protocol u PCBs –State trigger values, action levels or consumption guidelines u PCBs, pesticides, mercury, others –FDA Action Levels u PCBs, pesticides, mercury, others –GLI criteria for the protection of human health based on fish tissue triggers u PCBs, pesticides, mercury, others

20. Sediment Quality Policy Values Canadian Sediment Quality GuidelinesCanadian Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality GuidelinesOntario Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines U.S. EPA Draft Freshwater Sediment Quality CriteriaU.S. EPA Draft Freshwater Sediment Quality Criteria New York State Sediment CriteriaNew York State Sediment Criteria

22. Procedures for Assessing Compliance States and OntarioStates and Ontario –Primarily focused on nearshore areas, efforts directed at effects of fish & sediment contamination –No systematic program to assess compliance in open waters Federal AgenciesFederal Agencies –Environment Canada u Reviews data and flags parameters for which the 90th % value > most sensitive policy values in US & Canada u No formal reporting process –U.S. EPA u No systematic program currently in place

23. Issues to Resolve – Data Management Method of averaging data that contain censored valuesMethod of averaging data that contain censored values Monitoring programs to use for compliance assessmentMonitoring programs to use for compliance assessment Spatial and temporal reference of data to use for compliance assessment (potentially lake-specific)Spatial and temporal reference of data to use for compliance assessment (potentially lake-specific) –Definition of open water –Time of year to sample –Number of stations Variations in sampling and analytical protocolsVariations in sampling and analytical protocols –Analytical method for water –Whole fish versus edible –Species of fish and size

24. Issues to Resolve - Policy Use of both water and fish ObjectivesUse of both water and fish Objectives –Internal consistency (i.e., BAF) Specification of fish “policy values”Specification of fish “policy values” –Whole fish versus edible (ecosystem health versus human health) –Variation among agencies Discrepancies between Annex 1 Objectives and Parties listing of parameters of concernDiscrepancies between Annex 1 Objectives and Parties listing of parameters of concern –Parameters with “policy values”, but not listed in Annex 1 –Parameters listed in Annex 1 that are not monitored

25. Policy Values for Parameters Not Listed in Annex 1 Additional parametersAdditional parameters –Canadian Water Quality Guidelines u 44 additional organic substances or groups u 5 metals u 5 other inorganic substances or physical properties –GLI and States u 11 additional substances u Tier II option (some states)

26. Issues to Resolve – Policy Conceptual basis for ObjectivesConceptual basis for Objectives –Not specified for all parameters –Consistency with “policy values” –Variation among agencies Consistency among ProgramsConsistency among Programs –Annex 1 Objectives –Lake-wide Management Plans (LaMPs) –Indicators in SOLEC process –Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy

27. Contact Information Joseph DePintojdepinto@limno.com Wendy Larsonwlarson@limno.com Penelope Moskuspmoskus@limno.com Limno-Tech, Inc. (LTI) 501 Avis Drive Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108 www.limno.com