1. Chapter 14
Useful Materials

2. Objectives 14.1 Identify common alloys and ceramics
14.1 Compare and contrast alloys and ceramics.
14.2 Compare and contrast plastics' and synthetic fibers
14.2 Describe a composite

3. Objectives
14.3 Compare and contrast the advantages of new materials used in sports with older materials
14.3 Identify chemical elements and materials of technology used in sports
14.3 Determine whether sports should alter rules about the use of technology

4. Alloys A mixture of a metal and one or more other elements
Can be another metal or non-metal
Alloys retain the properties common to metals, but is not a pure metal
In general, an alloy gives you benefits from both elements

5. Common Alloys and their Uses
Bronze (Copper and Tin)
Jewelry, Marine Hardware
Brass (Copper and Zinc)
Hardware, Instruments
Sterling Silverware (Silver and Copper)
Tableware
Pewter (Tin, Copper, Antimony)

6. Common Alloys and their Uses
Solder (Tin and Lead)
Plumbing
Wrought Iron (Iron, Lead, Copper, Magnesium)
Fences, Porch Railings
Steel (Carbon and a bunch of others)
More on next slide

7. Steel (Iron and Carbon)
All steel is composed mainly of iron and carbon, other elements are added to help depending on what you want
Name, Element, Property, Use
Manganese: Manganese: Very Hard: Armor Plating
Duiriron: Silicon: Acid Resistant: Pipes
Nickel: Nickel, Elastic and Corrosion Resistant: Gears
More on pg 391

8. Gold Alloys Gold is a very soft metal, but we like it.
Karat system is used to tell you how much gold and how much copper is used
Approximately every 1 karat equals 4% gold
24 Karat = 100% gold
12 Karat = 50% gold, 50% copper

10. Mercury Alloys
Called Amalgams
Used mostly in dentistry

11. Ceramics Material made from dry clay or clay like mixtures
Very strong and stable chemical bonds
Used in your house for your mugs, tubs, toilets (porcelain)
Breaks and cracks, get a new one

12. Glass
A special type of ceramic which has no regular crystal structure.
It is composed of mostly silicon and oxygen
Made from sand
Different types of glass, some are capable of handling drastic temperature changes, others not so much
Pyrex glass good for temperature changes

13. Cermets
Ceramic metals which have properties of both ceramics and metals
Used for places where you need something tough, strong, and heat resistant
Gas turbines and rocket motors

14. Plastic
Polymer based material that can be molded into a variety of shapes
Many different types (7 types of recycling)

17. Polypropylene
Rope, Textiles
Protective clothes
Carpet

18. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Rubber substitute
Tubing

19. Teflon
Cooking non-stick
Called into question safety

20. Nylon
Athletic turf, cord, netting, bristles, carpet, sutures, some clothing

21. Synthetic Fiber A strand of a polymer used in fabrics.
Kevlar is 5x stronger than steel, used for bullet proof vests
Plus you get flexibility

22. Composite Mixture of two materials Reinforced concrete (steel bars)
Fiber glass

23. Sports Continued discussion
Is technology ruining sports?
Do old records have a chance with new technology?
What should be allowed, what shouldn’t be?
What sports are most affected by changes in technology? How are they?