1. Urban Water Quality Issues July 17th, 2008 Greensboro, North Carolina NACAA Annual Meeting & Professional Improvement Conference

2. Development Patterns

3. Ultra Urban Environment Increasing: Increasing: impervious areas impervious areas land value land value Decreasing Decreasing land availability land availability Increasing Need for: Increasing Need for: Space Efficient Best Management Practices

4. Typical Urban Non-Point Source Pollutant Loading

5. Algae bloom; York River, 9/9/05 Courtesy Bill Portlock, Chesapeake Bay Foundation

6. Why is it that this particular design does not have to follow the fundamental unit processes of water quality?

7. Physics of Settling – Stokes Law Henry Darcy 1803 - 1858 Media Filtration – Darcys Law

8. BMP Evaluation In the Lab; or in the Field?

9. Lesson 1: Clearly Defined Project Goals Quality Assurance Project Plan 1. Conditions and Definitions i. Treatment Objective ii. Performance Goals 2. Project Description 3. Quality Assurance Plan

10. Treatment Objectives and Performance Goals

11. Particle Size Treatment Objectives and Performance Goals

16. Lesson 2: Sample Collection Grab samplesFlow-paced auto samples

17. One Grab = One SnapshotMultiple Grabs =Multiple Snapshots

18. Lesson 3: Site Selection - Location Currituck Gas House Barco, NC

19. Trench Drain from up-hill side of pumps Trench Drain on down-hill side of Oil-Water separator Canopy drain StormFilter Vault Bypass/Diversion manhole Outlet junction manhole Lesson 3: Site Selection - Simplicity

20. 1 pipe in and 1 pipe out! Simple is better!

21. Eliminate Variables and External Influences (MEP) Lesson: All fuel islands should have an Oil/Water Separator

22. Lesson 4: Learn the 1 st Law of Monitoring: What Can Go Wrong, Will Go Wrong!

23. Once upon a time, there was this site... 10/02System Maintenance 10/02System Maintenance 10/02Remote automated sampling equipment Installed 10/02Remote automated sampling equipment Installed 11/02 Remote automated sampling equipment disabled by insect infestation 11/02 Remote automated sampling equipment disabled by insect infestation

24. Corrective Action Taken

25. As Luck Would Have It (or not): 1-2/03Storm Capture 1-2/03Storm Capture 5/03Phone Line Disabled by Lightning 5/03Phone Line Disabled by Lightning 6/03Automated Sampling Equipment Fried by Lightning 6/03Automated Sampling Equipment Fried by Lightning

26. But then... 9/03New Automated Sampling Equipment Installed 9/03New Automated Sampling Equipment Installed 9/03System Outfall Area Impacted by Adjacent Construction Activities and Heavy Storms 9/03System Outfall Area Impacted by Adjacent Construction Activities and Heavy Storms

28. Hurricane Isabel

29. Before After 2/04Outfall Area Restored 2/04Outfall Area Restored

30. The Saga Continues: 3/04Storm Capture 3/04Storm Capture 8-9/04Phone lines and Automated Sampling Equipment Disabled by Lightning (again); AND 8-9/04Phone lines and Automated Sampling Equipment Disabled by Lightning (again); AND

31. Alex, Bonnie, & Earl – 8-9/04

32. We Are Committed! 6/05Resume Monitoring 6/05Resume Monitoring

33. No Matter What... 9/05Rodents 9/05Rodents

34. Corrective Action Taken AND THEN:

35. We Survived Hurricane Season 05

36. Happily Ever After 8/06Project Completed! 8/06Project Completed!

37. Lesson 5: Predict the Weather and Act Fast

38. We Got Better! Days with measurable precipitation 68 Qualified Storm Events - (meet DQO of >0.1 in. and >72 hr. antecedent conditions); hindsight 35 Attempts to capture storm samples 23 Successful Captures (10) vs. Opportunities (35) 29% Successful Captures (10) vs. Attempts (23) 43% Early 2000s success rate – Captures vs. Atts. 10%

39. Key Elements to a Successful Field Monitoring Project Clearly defined Clearly defined Project Goals Project Goals Data Quality Objectives Data Quality Objectives Methods Methods Appropriate Site Selection Appropriate Site Selection Dedicated Project Team

40. Adaptive management in action From: Restoration of Puget Sound Rivers Ralph and Poole, 2003 As Conceived in Consensus Building Process As Designed in Consensus Building Process

41. As generally implemented Adaptive management in pieces

42. Experimentation in the Urban Environment Were running out of experimental opportunities!