1. MORPHING Presentation By: SWARUP DEEPIKA JAGMOHAN Date: 22 OCT 2002 Course: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

2. BRIEF INTRODUCTION

3. Brief Introduction: Morphing – derived from the word metamorphosis. Metamorphosis means to change shape, appearance or form.Example:

4. WHAT IS MORPHING?

5. What is morphing? Morphing can be defined as: - Transition from one object to another. - Process of transforming one image into another. An animation technique that allows you to blend two still images, creating a sequence of in – between pictures that when played in Quick Time, metamorphoses the first image into the second.

6. HOW IS MORPHING DONE?

7. General Idea As the metamorphosis proceeds, - The first image is gradually distorted and is faded out. - The second image starts out totally distorted toward the first and is faded in.

8. Steps Involved: The morph process consists of :- 1) Warping two images so that they have the same “shape’’. 2) Cross dissolving the resulting images.

9. WARPING

10. Warping: A warp is a 2-D geometric transformation and generates a distorted image when it is applied to an image. Warping an image means : apply a given deformation to it. Two ways to warp an image:-  Forward mapping.  Reverse mapping.

11. Forward Mapping Each pixel in source image is mapped to an appropriate pixel in destination image. Some pixels in the destination image may not be mapped.

12. Reverse Mapping This method goes through each pixel in the destination image and samples an appropriate source image pixel. All destination image pixels are mapped to some source image pixel. This mapping is used in the Beier/Neely line morphing method.

13. CROSS DISSOLVING

14. Cross Dissolving A cross-dissolve is a sequence of images which implements a gradual fade from one to the other.

15. THE MORPHING PROCESS

16. Morphing Process Step I : Interpolating the lines:  Interpolate the coordinates of the end points of every pair of lines. Step II : Warping the Images  Each of the source images has to be deformed towards the needed frame.  The deformation works pixel by pixel is based on the reverse mapping. This algorithm is called Beier-Neely Algorithm.

17. BEIER-NEELY ALGORITHM IDEA IDEA IS TO: 1)Compute position of pixel X in destination image relative to the line drawn in destination image. (x,y)  (u,v)

18. BEIER-NEELY ALGORITHM IDEA Contd.. 2) Compute coordinates of pixel in source image whose position relative to the line drawn in source image is (u,v). (u,v)  (x’,y’)

19. BEIER-NEELY ALGORITHM IDEA Contd..

20. Beier-Neely Algorithm For each pixel X=(x,y) in the destination image DSUM=(0,0), weightsum=0 for each line(Pi, Qi) calculate(ui,vi) based on Pi, Qi calculate (xi’, yi’) based on u,v and Pi, Qi calculate displacement Di = Xi’ – X for this line compute weight for line(Pi,Qi) DSUM+=Di*weight weightsum+=weight (x’y’) = (x,y)+DSUM/weightsum color at destination pixel(x,y) = color at source pixel(x’y’)

21. MORPHING EXAMPLES

22. Examples

23. Examples Contd..

24. APPLICATIONS OF MORPHING

25. Applications Used to produce special effects in entertainment industry. Example : Michael Jackson’s Black or white music video.

26. Application Contd.. In the Terminator Movie

27. MORPHING SOFTWARE

28. Morphing Software There are many morphing softwares available on the internet: 1) Morph Man 3.1 http://www.stoik.com/morphman/morphman.htm 2) Morpheus Software http://www.morpheussoftware.net/

29. Examples I Tried Using Morph Man 3.1

30. References: Warping and Morphing of Graphical Objects by Bruno Costa, Jonas Gomes,1998. Morphing Magic by Scott Anderson, 1993 Beier T. Neely S. Feature based image metamorphosis. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH’92 http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/www/u/kyros/Courses/CS290 B/Lectures/lecture-18/sld002.htm

31. THANK YOU