1. African Americans - Slavery Indentured servitude, plantation economics & Bacon’s Rebellion Triangle trade (slaves, molasses, rum) Slow growth in slave population in early 1600s 1680s slaves outnumber whites in plantation economies By 1720s, slave pop is self perpetuating Slave culture Missouri Compromise (1820) Cotton Gin & cotton economy Freedmen Slaves vs wage slaves Dred Scott Decision

2. Black Americans Reconstruction –(13 th, 14 th, 15 th Amendments) Reconstruction – new subjugation (KKK, black codes, sharecropping) Migrations to northern cities KKK in the 1920s W.E.B. Dubois & NAACP Booker T. Washington A. Philip Randolph C.O.R.E., SCLC, SNCC Executive Order 8802 Executive Order 9981 Brown vs Board (1954) Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956) 24 th Amend (1964) – Poll Tax March on D.C. (1963) Civil Rights Act (1964) Voting Rights Act (1965) Urban Riots

3. Native Americans Highly advanced civilizations in Central America Advanced, but less complex civilizations in North America Hunter-gather & simple agriculture not strong enough or organized enough to resist European encroachment English – evacuate (removal from land) French – negotiate (trade) Spanish – subjugate & integrate (take over & intermarry)

4. Native Americans Pequot War (1637, CT) Pontiac’s Rebellion G. Washington recognized tribes as separate nations & would negotiate by treaties Tecumseh (1813) Assimilation & Christianizing Georgia, Jackson & the Cherokee (1828) 1830 Indian Removal Act Indians defeated in wars east of Miss. R. (1832-1837) Trail of Tears (1838-1839) Dawes Severalty Act (1887) Indian Reorganization Act (1934) Wounded Knee (1890) Eisenhower & push to the cities AIM - Alcatraz (1969- 1971)& Wounded Knee (1973)

5. Women Crucial to early New England success (early marriage & booming birthrate) S. women more powerful b/c more scarce (but all better off than women in England) “Republican Motherhood” (civic virtue, moral instruction) increased women’s educational opportunities 2 nd Great Awakening Cult of Domesticity – 1830-1860 Lowell Girls (1840s)

6. Women Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, & Susan B. Anthony Seneca Falls & Declaration of Sentiments Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell Margaret Fuller (transcendentalist journalist) Sarah & Angelina Grimke (abolition) Temperance & abolition Suffrage Women and Work Glorification of housewife in 1950s Feminine Mystique Women’s Lib – Title IX – 1964 Civil Rights Act – ERA – Roe v. Wade