1. Appendix D McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Appendix D D-2 SDLC The systems development life cycle is the foundation for many systems development methodologies such as RAD and agile  Systems development life cycle – the overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance

3. Appendix D D-3 SDLC

4. Appendix D D-4 PHASE 1: PLANNING Planning phase – involves establishing a high-level plan of the intended project and determining project goals Primary planning activities include 1. Identify and select the system for development 2. Assess project feasibility 3. Develop the project plan

5. Appendix D D-5 PHASE 2: ANALYSIS Analysis phase – involves analyzing end-user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system Primary analysis activities include: 1. Gather business requirements 2. Create process diagrams 3. Perform a buy vs. build analysis

6. Appendix D D-6 PHASE 3: DESIGN Design phase – involves describing the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation Primary design activities include: 1. Design the IT infrastructure 2. Design system models

7. Appendix D D-7 PHASE 4: DEVELOPMENT Development phase – involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforming them into the actual system Primary development activities include: 1. Develop the IT infrastructure 2. Develop the database and programs

8. Appendix D D-8 PHASE 5: TESTING Testing phase – involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to test for errors, bugs, and interoperability, in order to verify that the system meets all the business requirements defined in the analysis phase Primary testing activities include: 1. Write the test conditions 2. Perform the system testing

9. Appendix D D-9 PHASE 6: IMPLEMENTATION Implementation phase – involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the system Primary implementation activities include: 1. Write detailed user documentation 2. Determine implementation method 3. Provide training for the system users

10. Appendix D D-10 PHASE 7: MAINTENANCE Maintenance phase – involves performing changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet the business goals Primary maintenance activities include: 1. Build a help desk to support the system users 2. Perform system maintenance 3. Provide an environment to support system changes

11. Appendix D D-11 SOFTWARE PROBLEMS ARE BUSINESS PROBLEMS Primary reasons for project failure include  Unclear or missing business requirements  Skipping SDLC phases  Failure to manage project scope o Scope creep – occurs when the scope increases o Feature creep – occurs when extra features are added  Failure to manage project plan  Changing technology