1. Passages 2 Unit11 Science and Technology

2. Lesson A~ Part 2 Listening gene (n): a specific, chemical pattern (on a chromosome) that is received from the parents and controls the development of particular of characteristic in an animal or plate. blueprint (n): an early plan or design that explains something or how something might be achieved. organism (n): a single living plant, animal, or other living thing.

3. alter (v): to change something (often slightly), or to cause a change to happen. crop (n): a plant such as a grain, vegetable, or fruit grown in large amounts by farmers. herbicide (n): a chemical that is used to destroy plants, especially weeds.

4. soybean (n): a type of bean grown especially in Asia and the U.S., used as a food for people and animals. weed (n): any unwanted wild plant that grows in a garden or field.

5. toxin (n): a poisonous substance, especially one that is produced by bacteria and causes disease. species (n): a set of animals or plants that have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other. ecological balance: the balance of relationships between living things and their environment.

6. self- perpetuating: having a system that avoid change and produces new things that are very similar to the old ones. retailer (n): a person or business who sells goods to the public

7. Lesson A ~Listening Advantages Disadvantages 1. Crops could be made resistant to plant-killing chemicals. 1. There could be new toxins in foods. 2. Crops could be made resistant to bacteria, viruses, and insects. 2. Disease could spread across different species of plants.

8. 3. More nutritious food could be developed 3.The ecological balance could be disturbed 4. Plants could grow out of control. 4. x 4. x

9. Lesson A~ Part 3 1. x (uncountable noun in general statement.) 2. x (plural noun in a general statement) 3. The (reference to specific computers) 4. x (plural noun in a general statement) 5. a (first mention of a countable noun) 6. x (uncountable noun in a general statement) 7. The (last = sequence marker) 8. x (uncountable noun in a general statement)

10. Good Science, Bad Science Plastic surgery= operations to change your appearance Prospective=with vision of future Microchip implant To approve of= to agree with What really counts= what really matters= what is really important

11. Lesson A ~ Part 5 (A) 1. c 2. e 3. a 4. g 5. d 6. b 7. f

12. Lesson A ~ Part 5 (B) 1. discovery 2. law 3. theory 4. invention 5. phenomenon 6. conclusion 7. consequence(s)

13. Lesson A ~ Part 6 Paragraph 1: introduction Paragraph 2: similar between television and computers. Paragraph 3: differences between television and computers. Paragraph 4: conclusion

14. Lesson B Listening: I can’t cope with it Comedian:entertainer Exasperating: extremely annoying give me a break: (informal ) an expression used to indicate an idea or a thing is silly or ridiculous To hook (something) up: to connect something.

15. To be happening (slang): an expression meaning to be newly exciting or fashionable Domain: an area of interest or over which a person has control. To go nuts (informal): to go crazy To revert to (something): to go back to a previous condition

16. Present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses The two tenses can be used interchangeably to talk about an activity that continues into the present. They frequently occur with since, for, lately, and recently. e.g. Americans have used microwave ovens for a long time. Americans have been using microwave ovens since the 1970s.

17. Never, still, already and yet often go with the present perfect. e.g. I’ve never cooked any meat in my microwave oven. The present perfect focuses on the completion of an action; the present perfect continuous focuses on the duration of an activity. e.g. Elena has installed a smoke detector in her apartment. e.g. The landlord has been installing smoke detectors in all apartments. With stative (nonaction) verbs, the present perfect is generally used. (e.g. like, be, and know) e.g. Scientists have known about genetic coding in DNA since the early 1950s.

18. Lesson A~ Part 2 Items problems Remote control Computer The buttons are too small, it’s easy to press the wrong button, and there are too many different remote controls-for the TV, the VCR, the cable television and the stereo. It doesn’t speak a language that you can understand.

19. Lesson B ~ Part 3 1. has built 2. have spent 3. have exceeded 4. have known 5. have been examining 6. have discovered 7. have been working on 8. have not (haven’t) learned

20. Lesson B ~ Part 6 A (answers) 1. The article is about seafood that is raised on aquaculture farms rather than fished from the sea or ocean. 2. A fish farm is a place where fish are raised in captivity. 3. Transgenic is the transfer of genes from one species to another.

21. Lesson B ~ Part 6 B (answers) 1. seafood supplies have increased and will increase further as genetic traits of fish and other sea animals are improved. 2. The environment suffers because water is polluted by fish waste and there is an inefficient use of fish resources: five kilograms of wild fish must be used in aquaculture in order to produce a single kilogram of farmed fish. 3. Answer will very.