1. Water Services Trust Fund Financial Support for Improved Access to Water and Sanitation What is a (WSTF –funded) Project? 1

2. Defining “Project” A project can be defined in terms of: Target area (type) and population The demand for intervention Feasibility (in terms of technology, social constraints, etc.) Cost (KSh 5-15 million) per project Project duration (6 months at most) Involvement of stakeholders (project actors) Constraints 2 Overview UPC

3. 3 What are the target areas of WSTF-funded projects? 1. Informal urban settlements Informal settlements are often referred to as “urban slums” Residents often depend on a small number of house/yard connections, springs and wells. In other areas residents use water kiosks or rely on the services of water resellers Households residing on the same plot share pit latrines and in slums (such as Kibera in Nairobi) residents resort to flying toilets

4. 4 Overview UPC Target Areas: Informal and illegal settlements in Athi River (left) and Webuye (right)

5. 5 Overview UPC 2. Target areas: Planned urban areas with planned low income housing Planned low income housing areas or estates with high population densities, dilapidated water supply and sanitation systems (e.g. Council and Government housing areas)

6. 6 Overview UPC 3. Target Areas: Informal housing in planned residential areas Informal housing in planned urban areas where plot owners have title deeds Sometimes plots with informal housing constitute small pockets which are surrounded by well constructed homes or commercial properties Flats in Kitale >>

7. 7 Overview UPC Target Areas: Informal low income housing in planned residential areas: Mandisini estate in Bungoma and..... Dodoma, Tanzania

8. 8 Overview UPC 4. Target Areas: Urban IDP settlements In some towns such as Kitale, there are a number of well established IDP settlements These settlements are characterised by high population densities and informal housing (houses and huts constructed with branches, plastics and other available materials) Income levels in these settlements are usually very low and the WSS situation is often poor

9. 9 Overview UPC 5. Target areas: Urban sub-centres An urban sub-centre can be described as a relatively small urban centre, which is often situated at some distance from the nearest main town Bukembe near Bungoma >>

10. 10 Overview UPC 6. Target areas: Large rural centres with urban characteristics A large rural centre can be described as a large settlement located in a rural setting Population size and population density render rural water supply solutions (hand pumps, etc.) unsuitable

11. Group Work Step 1 Can you prepare a list of low income areas found within your service area Step 2 Using this list can you prioritise three (3) areas Step 3 Can you choose one (1) area for which you will prepare a proposal during this workshop 11 Overview UPC

12. Group Work Step 4 Could you prepare a short presentation on the area and the reasons why you have identified this area as being a suitable project area Step 5 Be prepared to defend your choice and to offer clarifications to the other participants 12 Overview UPC

13. Thank you! 13 Overview UPC