1. National Council for Research and Development Ministry of Science, Technology and Space Yuval Ne’eman Workshop for Science, Technology and Security, Tel Aviv University ד " ר דגנית פייקובסקי Dr. Deganit Paikowsky deganit.paik@gmail.com June 9 2014 המועצה הלאומית למחקר ופיתוח משרד המדע, הטכנולוגיה והחלל סדנת יובל נאמן למדע, טכנולוגיה וביטחון אוניברסיטת תל אביב Innovation and Challenges to Space Security in the Cyber Age

2. Space Technology Earth Observation Weather Navigation Early Warning Media Communication Space in day-to-day life

3. Global Space Activity 2013 Space Market 314B$ About 1100 active and operating satellites 10 space launching countries: Russia, USA, European Space Agency, China, Japan, India, Israel, Iran, North-Korea, South-Korea Continuous increase in the number of governments active in space - over 60 countries own space assets – Greater interest in space activity in South America, the Middle East, and Africa About 80 launches a year 192 satellites launched into space in 2013.

4. Space is a congested, contested and competitive environment

5. What is Space Security and Sustainability? The ability of all humanity to continue to use outer space for peaceful purposes and socioeconomic benefit over the long term.

6. Challenges of Space Security and Sustainability A. Threats of the space environment B. Unintentional damage originating from human space activity Orbital Debris Denial of Service – Crowded Electro-magnetic spectrum – Human malfunction C. Intentional damage

7. Challenges of Space Security and Sustainability A. Threats of the space environment B. Unintentional damage originating from human space activity Orbital Debris Denial of Service – Crowded Electro-magnetic spectrum – Human malfunction C. Intentional damage

8. Space Debris * Prevention of debris creation – best practices * Tracking and Early Warnings – Space Situational Awareness * Active Debris Removal Techniques

9. Debris from China’s Moon Mission hits A Chinese Village STR via Getty Images http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/12/03/china-moon-rocket-village-destroyed_n_4376222.html, Accessed on January 9 2014

10. Challenges of Space Security and Sustainability A. Threats of the space environment B. Unintentional damage originating from human space activity Orbital Debris Denial of Service – Crowded Electro-magnetic spectrum – Human malfunction C. Intentional damage

11. Challenges of Space Security and Sustainability A. Threats of the space environment B. Unintentional damage originating from human space activity Orbital Debris Denial of Service – Crowded Electro-magnetic spectrum – Human malfunction C. Intentional damage Hard-kill - ASAT Soft – kill – Disruption: jamming and spoofing – Cyber attacks

12. Potential Solutions Technology Regulation Diplomacy Economy