1. Analgesics and anti- inflammatory Aids Dean Woodcock

2. 2 types of Analgesics Non-narcotic (non-opioid) analgesics are drugs that have principally analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions. Narcotic (opioids) are stronger analgesics that are used when pain signals are more severe. Must be prescribed.

3. The reason for their use Narcotic analgesics are strong painkillers Some narcotic analgesics can give the user a feeling of powerfulness and fearlessness. They increases pain threshold so you can compete and train for longer and harder. Reduces or eliminates pain so can you compete despite injury or illness. Well known narcotic analgesics include diamorphine (heroin) and the milder analgesic codeine which is often used in over the- counter remedies for colds and diarrhoea.

4. How are they taken Over-the-counter non-steroidal drugs e.g. ibuprofen, paracetamol or aspirin taken in tablet or capsule form. Illegal (unless accompanied by a medical note) steroidal cortisone injections.

5. Cortisone Injections Cortisone is a steroid hormone produced naturally by the adrenal glands and that can also be synthesized—is a therapy designed to minimize damage to joints. Relieve inflammation of joints, including the elbow Typical conditions that can benefit from cortisone injections include bursitis, arthritis, tendonitis, plantar fasciitis, back pain due to injured discs, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Benefit of injected cortisone: released into the circulation slowly, so its anti- inflammatory effects last a long time. Side effects: thinning of the bone (osteoporosis), weight gain, stomach upset (which can led to formation of an ulcer), and compromised immune function (and a consequent increased risk of infection). The most common side effect is known as "steroid flare."

6. What performers use them Use is rare. Athletes may need to use painkillers to treat an injury or to enable them to train or compete with an injury. Boxers to increase their pain threshold and reduce fear.

7. Negative effects Likely to cause further more severe injury. Highly addictive. Can cause: - loss of concentration, balance and co-ordination - drowsiness - nausea and vomiting - constipation - fainting - Overdoses may induce comas or death

8. Are they Banned Certain narcotic analgesics, such as codeine, are permitted in sport. Many others, such as heroin, are prohibited in all sports. Chances of being caught: If tested within three months of taking them - HIGH

9. Banned Users Name: Ambesse Tolosa Nationality: Ethiopian Sport: Athletics – Marathon Runner Drug tested positive for: Morphine