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The Sun and the Solar System

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Presentation on theme: "The Sun and the Solar System"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Sun and the Solar System
26 CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System EXIT CHAPTER 26.1 The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure 26.2 Observing the Solar System: A History CHAPTER OUTLINE

2 26.1 The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME 26.1 The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure VOCABULARY fusion plasma The sun is enormous compared to Earth. Its surface temperature is about 5500°C; its interior is even hotter. photosphere chromosphere corona The sun’s energy is the result of the conversion of hydrogen to helium in nuclear fusion. The mass that does not convert to helium is not lost, but becomes energy. sunspot solar wind aurora 4 Hydrogen nuclei (protons) 1 Helium nucleus energy 2 protons 2 neutrons Fusion of Hydrogen to Helium + SECTION OUTLINE

3 26.1 The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME 26.1 The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure VOCABULARY fusion plasma The photosphere, chromosphere, and corona are layers of the sun’s atmosphere. photosphere Granules, solar prominences, sunspots, and solar flares appear on the sun’s surface. chromosphere corona sunspot Core (15,600,000°C) solar wind Solar prominence Sunspots (3,500°C) Radiative zone (8,000,000°C) aurora Convection zone (1,500,000°C) Photosphere (6,000°C) Chromosphere (20,000°C) SECTION OUTLINE Corona (1,000,000°C)

4 26.1 The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME 26.1 The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure VOCABULARY fusion plasma The photosphere, chromosphere, and corona are layers of the sun’s atmosphere. photosphere Granules, solar prominences, sunspots, and solar flares appear on the sun’s surface. chromosphere corona sunspot The solar wind is a stream of charged particles from the sun’s corona. Some solar events, such as solar flares or coronal holes, cause changes in the solar wind that can affect Earth. solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

5 26 The Sun and the Solar System fusion
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma fusion photosphere The combining of the nuclei of lighter elements to form a heavier element. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

6 26 The Sun and the Solar System plasma
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma plasma photosphere A state of matter consisting of charged particles—positively charged ions, and negatively charged electrons. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

7 26 The Sun and the Solar System photosphere
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma photosphere photosphere The visible surface of the sun. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

8 26 The Sun and the Solar System chromosphere
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma chromosphere photosphere The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere, located above the photosphere and below the corona. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

9 26 The Sun and the Solar System corona
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma corona photosphere The outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere, located above the chromosphere. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

10 26 The Sun and the Solar System sunspot
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma sunspot photosphere Dark area on the sun’s photosphere that results from variations in the sun’s magnetic field. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

11 26 The Sun and the Solar System solar wind
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma solar wind photosphere A constant stream of electrically charged particles that is blown out from the sun in all directions. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

12 26 The Sun and the Solar System aurora
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY fusion plasma aurora photosphere A glow in the night sky produced in the upper atmosphere by particles from the solar wind interacting with Earth’s magnetic field. chromosphere corona sunspot solar wind aurora SECTION OUTLINE

13 26.2 Observing the Solar System: A History
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME 26.2 Observing the Solar System: A History VOCABULARY geocentric heliocentric Ptolemy proposed a geocentric, or earth-centered, solar system to explain planetary motion. gravitation Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric system, in which the planets orbit the sun. This model explained the retrograde motion of planets better than the geocentric model. Retrograde motion of Mars East West Sept. Aug. July June Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May SECTION OUTLINE

14 26.2 Observing the Solar System: A History
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME 26.2 Observing the Solar System: A History VOCABULARY geocentric heliocentric Johannes Kepler used Tycho Brahe’s data to develop three laws that explained the motions of the planets. gravitation June 15th July 15th January 15th December 15th (30 days) Sun Equal areas Earth’s orbit KEPLER’S EQUAL AREA LAW states that a line connecting Earth to the sun will pass over equal areas of space in equal times. Because Earth’s orbit is elliptical, Earth moves faster when it is nearer to the sun. SECTION OUTLINE

15 26.2 Observing the Solar System: A History
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME 26.2 Observing the Solar System: A History VOCABULARY geocentric heliocentric Johannes Kepler used Tycho Brahe’s data to develop three laws that explained the motions of the planets. gravitation Isaac Newton developed the universal law of gravitation, which helped explain the motions of planets in the solar system. SECTION OUTLINE

16 26 The Sun and the Solar System geocentric
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY geocentric heliocentric geocentric gravitation A model of the solar system that has Earth at the center. SECTION OUTLINE

17 26 The Sun and the Solar System heliocentric
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY geocentric heliocentric heliocentric gravitation A model of the solar system that has the sun at its center. SECTION OUTLINE

18 26 The Sun and the Solar System gravitation
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY geocentric heliocentric gravitation gravitation The force of attraction between any two objects with mass; the strength of the attraction is proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them. SECTION OUTLINE

19 I. The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure
26 CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY I. The Sun’s Size, Heat, and Structure fusion A. The Sun’s Energy plasma B. The Sun’s Layers photosphere C. Features on the Sun chromosphere 1. Sunspots corona 2. The Solar Wind and Magnetic Storms sunspot solar wind aurora KEY IDEA SUMMARY

20 II. Observing the Solar System: A History
26 CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY II. Observing the Solar System: A History geocentric A. The Movements of Planets and Stars heliocentric B. Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model gravitation C. Copernicus’s Heliocentric Model D. Tycho, Kepler, and Planetary Motion E. Isaac Newton and the Law of Gravitation KEY IDEA SUMMARY

21 26 The Sun and the Solar System
CHAPTER The Sun and the Solar System CHAPTER HOME This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the CHAPTER HOME button or exit the presentation.

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