1. The Structure of Matter
Chapter Six
The Structure of Matter

2. The Structure of Matter
PA Standards
A Unifying Themes
A Physical Science, Chemistry and Physics
A Physical Science, Chemistry and Physics
Apply concepts of models as a method to predict and understand science and technology.
Explain concepts about the properties and structure of matter.
Explain the formation of compounds and their resulting properties using bonding theories (ionic and covalent).

3. Objectives: Compounds and Molecules
Distinguish between compounds and mixtures.
Relate the chemical formula of a compound to the relative numbers of atoms or ions present in the compound.
Use models to visualize a compound’s chemical structure.
Describe how the chemical structure of a compound affects its properties.

4. Distinguish between compounds and mixtures.

6. Chemical Bonds H2 O2

7. Chemical Reaction
H2O

8. Use models to visualize a compound’s chemical structure
Use models to visualize a compound’s chemical structure. Relate the chemical formula of a compound to the relative numbers of atoms or ions present in the compound.

9. Chemical Structure

10. Describe how the chemical structure of a compund affects its properties.

11. Structure and Properties

12. Structure and Properties
Compound
State
(at 25°C)
Melting Point (°C)
Boiling Point (°C)
Silicon dioxide, SO2 (quartz)
Solid
1,700
2,230
Magnesium fluoride, MgF2
1,261
2,239
Sodium Chloride, NaCl (table salt)
801
1,413
Sugar, C12H22,O11 -
Water, H2O
Liquid
100
Dihydrogen sulfide, H2S
Gas
-86
-61

13. Structure and Properties

14. Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Explain why atoms sometimes join to form bonds.
Explain why some atoms transfer their valence electrons to form ionic bonds, while other atoms share valence electrons to form different bonds.
Differentiate between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
Compare the properties of substances with different types of bonds.

15. Objectives: Compound Names and Formulas
Name simple ionic and covalent compounds.
Predict the charge of a transition metal cation in an ionic compound.
Write chemical formulas for simple ionic compounds.
Distinguish a covalent compound’s empirical formula from its molecular formula.

16. Objectives: Organic and Biochemical Compounds
Describe how carbon atoms bond covalently to form organic compounds.
Identify the names and structures of groups of simple organic compounds and polymers.
Identify what makes up the polymers that are essential to life.

17. Describe how carbon atoms bond covalently to form organic compounds.

18. Organic Compound Organic Compound
Covalently bounded compound that contains carbon

19. Hydrocarbons

20. Identify the names and structures of groups of simple organic compounds and polymers.

21. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alcohols

22. Polymers Polymer Monomer Examples
Molecule that is a long chain made of smaller molecules
Monomer
Smaller molecule that makes up the polymer
Examples
Plastic
Wood
Cotton
Starch
Protein
DNA

23. Examples

24. Identify what makes up the polymers that are essential to life.

25. Biochemical Compounds

26. Biochemical Compounds

27. Biochemical Compounds