1. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

2. What is the source of this source? What is the argument regarding votes for women? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional)

3. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

4. In this famous photograph of Philadelphia abolitionists, now an American Treasure in the Library of Congress, Lucretia and James Mott sit at the right hand side of the front row. Sitting next to Mott is Robert Purvis, a founder of the American Abolition Society, president of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society (1845-50), chairman of the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee (1852-57), and active supporter of the Underground Railroad. The photograph is notable for what at the time was its radical mixing of men, women, and an African American. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

5. Partly resulting from the enduring influence of its Quaker founders, antebellum Philadelphia was host to two unique realities: a vigorous energy for social reform and a large and flourishing African American population. Since the eighteenth century, a number of Philadelphia Quakers had been active in antislavery agitation. As abolitionist ferment increased during the 1830, sometimes intertwining with the women's rights movement, Philadelphians, especially Philadelphia Quakers, joined forces with African Americans in other cities like Boston and New York in pursuit of racial justice and womens rights. In 1838, the five-year-old Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society (PFASS, an interracial organization) built its own meeting place, Pennsylvania Hall, only to have it destroyed by a white mob that resented their cross-racial socializing. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

6. Between 1820 and the Civil War, a new ideal of womanhood and a new ideology about the home arose out of the new attitudes about work and family. Called the "cult of domesticity," it is found in women's magazines, advice books, religious journals, newspapers, fiction--everywhere in popular culture. This new ideal provided a new view of women's duty and role while cataloging the cardinal virtues of true womanhood for a new age. This ideal of womanhood envisioned women as cultivating piety, purity, domesticity and submissiveness.. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the attitude towards women?

7. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

8. SUFFRAGE: I never want to see the women voting, and gabbling about politics, and electioneering. There is something revolting in the thought. - Letter to St. Louis Missouri Democrat, March 1867. Women, go your ways! Seek not to beguile us of our imperial privileges. Content yourself with your little feminine trifles -- your babies, your benevolent societies and your knitting--and let your natural bosses do the voting. Stand back -- you will be wanting to go to war next. We will let you teach school as much as you want to, and we will pay you half wages for it, too, but beware! we don't want you to crowd us too much. - Letter to St. Louis Missouri Democrat, March 1867 Our marvelous latter-day statesmanship has invented universal suffrage. That is the finest feather in our cap. All that we require of a voter is that he shall be forked, wear pantaloons instead of petticoats, and bear a more or less humorous resemblance to the reported image of God. He need not know anything whatever; he may be wholly useless and a cumberer of the earth; he may even be known to be a consummate scoundrel. No matter. While he can steer clear of the penitentiary his vote is as weighty as the vote of a president, a bishop, a college professor, a merchant prince. We brag of our universal, unrestricted suffrage; but we are shams after all, for we restrict when we come to the women. -

9. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding womens rights?

10. Early in 1919, the House of Representatives passed the 19th amendment by a vote of 304 to 90, and the Senate approved it 56 to 25. Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan were the first states to ratify it. On August 18, 1920, it appeared that Tennessee had ratified the amendment--the result of a change of vote by 24 year-old legislator Harry Burn at the insistence of his elderly mother--but those against the amendment managed to delay official ratification. Anti- suffrage legislators fled the state to avoid a quorum and their associates held massive anti-suffrage rallies and attempted to convince pro-suffrage legislators to oppose ratification. However, Tennessee reaffirmed its vote and delivered the crucial 36th ratification necessary for final adoption.

11. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding rights for women?

12. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding rights for women?

13. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

14. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

15. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

16. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

17. The National Association of Colored Women is formed, bringing together more than 100 black women's clubs. Leaders in the black women's club movement include Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Julia Cooper. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?

19. Arrested for protesting in favor of womens suffrage, some women went on hunger strikes. Courts declared them mentally ill, put them in mental institutions and force fed them by putting tubes down their throats and pouring food down the tubes.

21. What is the source of this source? Point of view represented? What types of agency are represented? (individual, collective, institutional) What is the argument regarding votes for women?