1. Marine Data Management within EMODNet Chemistry project: data aggregation, quality control and products preparation A.S. Iona 1, P. Karagevrekis 1, S.Balopoulou 1, A. Giorgetti 2, Dick Schaap 3 (1) HCMR-IO/HNODC Greece, (2) OGS Italy, (3) MARIS Netherlands European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015 Vienna, Austria, 12 – 17 April 2015

2. Outline Overview of EMODNet Chemistry Project Approach Parameters selection Regional processing Adoption of SeaDataNet infrastructure Methodology Data Aggregation and Quality Control Statistical Analysis and Products Results Next activities

3. EMODnet Chemistry Project (MARE/2012/10) Initiated in 2009 by DG-MARE as part of the EMODNet to improve Europe’s marine data infrastructure, increase the availability of high quality data and products and assemble them under a common framework. Second phase (2013-2016) aiming to continue the development of the infrastructure for the collection, management, quality control and visualization of chemical data in the marine environment: – move from a prototype to an operational service with full coverage of all European sea-basins, a wider selection of parameters and improved resolution data products; – In support of EU policies (such as MSFD)

4. Improvements of 2 nd phase Enlarged Partnership: 32 partners + 14 sub- contractors = total of 46 participants (about twice in relation to the 1 st phase!); more chemical species group as well as new parameters for climate change (partial pressure of oxygen, carbon dioxide) and acidity (pH); Aims to cover all European Waters with a specific focus on coastal data New products and services: new tools to be developed for coastal visualization + data layers in support of the MSFD

5. Choice of Parameters The following groups of chemicals are being collected and provided by the EMODNet Chemistry portal: in 3 matrices: water column, biota, sediment in all European waters

6. Regional Approach Data collection, metadata compilation, harvesting and products generation are organized at Regional level. Five sub-regional seas of Europe, as specified in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD DIKE 5/12/08) have been specified: - Greater North Sea (including Norwegian Sea and Celtic Sea) (AU-DCE, Denmark) - Atlantic Sea (including Atlantic Coast and Macaronesia) (Ifremer, France) - Baltic Sea (SMHI, Sweden) - Black Sea (NIMRD, Romania) - Mediterranean Sea (HCMR/HNODC, Greece)

7. Spatial distribution: Search by Matrix of Chemicals vs Regions

8. SeaDataNet Approach EMODnet Chemistry adopts SeaDataNet infrastructure - a key element for interoperability and harmonization between the EMODNET pilots, for data and products compatibility: SeaDataNet Standards for background data and metadata, and products Common Data Index (CDI) mechanism for access background data with data policy Ocean Data View (ODV) format for background data exchange ODV tool for data processing, aggregation and quality control SeaDataNet Security Services Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software tool to produce gridded data products and error maps products from the background data as NetCDF files. SeaDataNet Products catalogue (SEXTANT system) and viewing services for discovery, access, visualization and downloading of data products

9. Data Validation Loop

10. Data Aggregation-Mediterranean Region Mediterranean regional data pool of nutrients (results-nitrates, phosphates, silicates), harvested by a robot system: – 34 000 stations (of vertical profiles and time series) – 209 separate variable labels (231 in total) – 141 SDN parameter codes (P01 codes), and – 22 different units (P06 codes) – 25 Organizations/NODCs from 12 countries

11. Data Aggregation-Mediterranean Region Initially (first year): Manual aggregation – An example below of grouping of phosphate data (different methods, instruments, names, usage codes, units)

12. Automated Data Aggregation Today, a P35 vocabulary is set up to aggregate various P01 terms with a common meaning into a unified aggregated term with a unique unit (P06). P35 is populated by BODC with contributions from various experts; so far it includes 136 entries and is growing. The ODV software has been enhanced to use the P35 mapping to automate parameter aggregation when aggregating data sets from multiple sources.

13. Phosphate Data – PO4 (27 894 profiles)

14. Silicates Data – SiO4 (23 102 profiles)

15. Nitrate Data – NO3 (21 875 profiles)

16. 911 Monitoring Stations of NO3, PO4, SiO4

17. Regional QA/QC For data QA/QC activities and as a basis for the interpolated maps, we focus only on “good” originators data: – SeaDataNet QC flag scale= 0,1,2,6 Quality checks includes: – Duplicates detection and elimination – Outliers elimination (broad range control checks) – Empty stations elimination – Replacement of zero values with detection limits (upon agreement with the originator) Additional checks (not yet applied): – N:P ratio – Ratio of inorganic N or P to total

18. Methodology for Data Assembly and Products Regional data collection and statistical analysis highlighted 2 main subsets of data: - DIVA (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis) horizontal maps in the 5 regions; Not homogeneous distribution in time and space (basin) Homogeneous distribution in time and space (basin) -Time series plots produced for coastal points repeated in time, datasets with fragmented coverage. Animations of 10-years moving window average Dynamic time series plots and coastal visualization tools available as WPS

19. horizontal maps specifications Parameters: NO3, NOx, Total Nitrogen, PO4, Total Phosphorus, SiO4, NH4 + Alkalinity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen and Chlorophyll-a Time period: 10 year periods with yearly step from 1960 to 2014 (46 periods of 10 year), by seasons Seasons: 4 defined per region (in the Mediterranean: winter =January to March, etc) Vertical layers: standard defined per region (IODE standard levels as adopted in the Mediterranean) 10 years moving windows to reveal long term variabilities (trends) and to overcome the data gaps 1960 until 1969 1961 until 1970, etc Reference field Climatic seasonal mean from all available years (with detrending for removal of uneven spatial distribution in time) Without detrending (for not to exclude temporal trends)

20. Analysis Results & errors fields We mask areas of poor data coverage

21. Other results

22. Mean: 0.6000 Std: 0.0736 Horizontal distribution maps, produced with 10-year moving window for trend detection Mean summer NO3 at first 10 m, over the area N43.5-46, E12-15

23. Next Activities Complete DIVA maps for nutrients and silicates with 10-year moving window, seasons, and vertical layers Include also the whole Mediterranean region with a fine grid resolution so as to focus with efficient accuracy to smaller regions Start regional data processing for contaminants, including the data validation loop

24. Thank you! Visit the portal at: www.emodnet-chemistry.euwww.emodnet-chemistry.eu