1. Relevance of Disciplining Fisheries Subsidies To Developing Countries Dr Stephen Mbithi Fisheries Consultant - Kenya

2. Specific Cases  Small Scale Fisheries –Those in active trade –Those underexploited –Lk Victoria  Stocks – currently – Slot size  Fleet: open access? Co- Management)  Management -Not quota based  Subsidies? NO  Need for a sustainability criterion: Yes –Difficulty - WTO Dynamics

3. South West Indian Ocean (SWIO)  Stocks: Full picture not in  Data reporting mechanism  YFT, SKT, SWF  Fleet: Mainly DWFN  MGMT: not regional  Sechelles case, Kenya, Tanzania, Moz, Somalia  Wild …west?  Subsidies: Yes, DWFN  Role for dicipline: Yes..could possibly encourage regional enforcement  Need for subsidies for the regional countries?

4. Namibia/SA example  Stocks: annual evaluation  Fleet: limited – quota based  Management: Effective, MCS  Subsidies: Yes: two types –DWFN linked –Domestic  Namibianization: quota fees, fuel?  Black E E (BEE)  Role or discipline:

5. PIC (Pacific)  Stocks: YFT, SJT  Fleet: Effort to cap max fleet:  Challenges – disimilarities in agreements  MGMT: about centralised  Subsidies: Yes – DWFN  Also domestic  Carribean: Multispecies –Seabob, dermersals, fllyting fish

6. Issues  Subsidies or sustainability: the big question  WTO mechanism versus sustainability  The trade tool –Domestic versus export market issue –Who’s the complainant here?  What approach: nationwide?  Bottom line: biodiversity preservation?