1. Lab # Two : Anthropometry
Lab # 2: Anthropometry
April 21, 2017

2. Objective To understand the concept of Anthropometry.
To gain practical experience in collecting and analysis anthropometric data.
To know how to design Anthropometric products
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

3. Introduction
Ergonomics is to design efficient and comfortable products. ( How?)
Ergonomics is to make your body relax, your morale positive, and your mind focus.
Human considerations are:
a. Physiological
b. Psychological
c. Mental
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

4. Introduction (Cont.)
To assess the fit between a person and their work, ergonomists consider
The job being done and the demands on the worker.
The equipment used (its size, shape, and how appropriate it is for the task).
The information used (how it is presented, accessed, and changed).
Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its study of humans and their environments, including anthropometry, biomechanics, physiology, and psychology.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

5. Anthropometry Human Measurements Lab 2 : Anthropometry 4/21/2017

6. Anthropometry
The science of designing suitable outcomes for the maximum envelope of people with taking into account the distribution of relevant body measurements.
The science of design optimization
Lab # 2: Anthropometry
April 21, 2017

7. Anthropometry
Anthropometry is the science of measurement and study of the human body and its parts and capacities.
Is the branch of ergonomics that deals with body shape and size.
The science of measuring the human body in order to ascertain the average dimensions of the human form at different ages, and in different divisions of race, class etc.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

8. Anthropometry Ethnic Origin Nutritional Beliefs Gender Age
Food Availability
Lab # 2: Anthropometry
April 21, 2017

9. Anthropometry Step by Step
Decide who you are designing for (user population).
Decide which body measurements are relevant
Decide whether you are designing for the 'average‘, “extremes”, or for Adjustable Range
Think about other human factors
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

10. Step # 1: User Population (Who?)
First of all you need to answer the 1st question:
“Who are the users???”
to design an office chair, you would need to consider dimensions for adults of working age and not those for children or the elderly.
To design a product for the home, such as a kettle, your user group would include everyone except young children (hopefully!).
To design alarm system, user group would include adults, children, and wheelchair users, etc
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

11. Step # 2: Body Measurements (For What?)
You need to know which parts of the body are relevant to your design.
For example, if you were designing a mobile phone, you would need to consider the width and length of the hand, the size of the fingers, as well as grip diameter.
Wouldn't be too interested in the height or weight of the user (although the weight of the phone might be important! Why????)
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

12. Step # 3: Average or Extreme?
Nobody is 'average' in all body dimensions. Someone might be say, of average height but have a longer than average hand length.
The variation in the size and shape of people also tells us that if you design to suit yourself, it will only be suitable for people who are the same size and shape as you, and you might 'design out' everyone else!
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

13. Measurements Distribution
According to the factors mentioned above, the measurement of the humans’ body dimensions are inherently varied.
There is no exemplary (ideal) design, why??
All we can do is to strike the balance by designing for optimum envelope of people ( optimum design).
Design for (50th percentile)
Design for extremes
Design for adjustable range
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

14. Percentiles (Cont.) Lab 2 : Anthropometry 4/21/2017
First, notice that the graph is symmetrical – so that 50% of people are of average height or taller, and 50% are of average height or smaller. The graph tails off to either end, because fewer people are extremely tall or very short. To the left of the average, there is a point known as the 5th percentile, because 5% of the people (or 1 person in 20) is shorter than this particular height. The same distance to the right is a point known as the 95th percentile, where only 1 person in 20 is taller than this height.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

15. Designing a door height
For example, if we were designing a doorway using the height, shoulder width, hip width etc., of an average person, then half the people using the doorway would be taller than the average, and half would be wider.
Since the tallest people are not necessarily the widest, more than half the users would have to bend down or turn sideways to get through the doorway.
Therefore, in this case we would need to design using dimensions of the widest and tallest people to ensure that everyone could walk through normally. (Extremes)
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

16. Designing a door height (Cont.)
Usually, you will find that if you pick the right percentile, 95% of people will be able to use your design.
For example, if you were choosing a door height, you would choose the dimension of people's height (often called 'stature' in anthropometry tables) and pick the 95th percentile value – in other words, you would design for the taller people. You wouldn't need to worry about the average height people, or the 5th percentile ones – they would be able to fit through the door anyway
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

17. Designing an Airplane Cockpit
At the other end of the scale, if you were designing an airplane cockpit, and needed to make sure everyone could reach a particular control.
You would choose 5th percentile arm length – because the people with the short arms are the ones who are most challenging to design for. If they could reach the control, everyone else (with longer arms) would be able to.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
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18. Deciding whether to use the 5th, 50th or 95th percentile value depends on what you are designing and who you are designing it for.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
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19. Step # 4: Other Human Factors (+, -)
You may need to add corrections for clothing. Have you allowed for shoe heights? You generally add 20mm for fairly flat shoes, and more if you think users will be wearing high heels. If your product is to be used somewhere cold, can it still be used if someone is wearing gloves or other bulky clothing?
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

20. Body Measurements Static Dimensions Dynamic Dimensions
Taken when the body is fixed (static) position.
Skeletal dimensions (between the center of joints, such as between elbow and the wrist) or of contour dimensions and surface dimensions such as head circumference.
Dynamic Dimensions
Taken under conditions in which the body is engaged some physical activity.
In most physical activities (where one is operating steering wheel, assembling a mousetrap, or reaching across the table for the salt).
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

21. Body Mass Index (BMI)
It is a statistical measurement which compares a person's weight and height.
It does not actually measure the percentage of body fat, it is a useful tool to estimate a healthy body weight based on how tall a person is.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017

22. Body Mass Index (Cont.)
It is easy in measurement and calculation, so it is the most widely used diagnostic tool to identify weight problem within a population including:
Underweight.
Overweight.
Obesity.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
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23. BMI Formula
Body mass index is defined as the individual's body weight divided by the square of his height.
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
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24. BMI Interpretation Category BMI range - kg/m2 Severely underweight
less than 16.5
Underweight
from 16.5 to 18.5
Normal
from 18.5 to 25
Overweight
from 25 to 30
Obese Class I
from 30 to 35
Obese Class II
from 35 to 40
Obese Class III
over 40
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
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25. Body Dimensions (Static)
Symbol
Expression A
Stature B
Elbow Height C
Hip Height D
Knuckle Height E
Chest/Bust Depth
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
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26. Body Dimensions (Dynamic)
Symbol
Expression F
Sitting Height G
Sitting Elbow Height H
Shoulder-Elbow Length I
Shoulder-Grip Length J
Elbow-Fingertip Length K
Hand Length L
Buttock-Knee Length M
Buttock-Popliteal Length N
Popliteal Height O
Knee Height P
Foot Length
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
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27. Body Dimensions Q Shoulder Breadth R Hip Breadth Symbol Expression
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/21/2017