1. Polygons of BS benthos 8 16 58

2. Spec. Bio 50

3. Data background per polygon Polygon Area name Atlantis Poly New Poly nr Spatial loc Commu nitiesStations Remo ves Mean Depth Species (n) Mean Bio Mean AbuBioDomBioVal B/A DomB/A ValAbuBomAbuVal Tromsø flaket W25Coast2202043487.69.23 Cucumaria frondosa950 Cucumaria frondosa475.0 Thenea muricata50 NordKapp Banken E341Open S53873021302893171.6Geodia sp274477.06Geodia sp5966.9 Ctenodiscus crispatus5055 Kola coast open sea433Coast63511199140637.984.1 Paralithodes camtschaticus31272 Paralithode s camtschatic us1954.5 Ctenodiscus crispatus4082 Kapp Kanin North535Coast71807359511.374.5Porifera indet5888.8 Paralithode s camtschatic us4510.0 Sabinea septemcarinat a2170 NZ South638Coast129801591495009.9849.7 Ctenodiscus crispatus163583.91Geodia sp710.3 Ctenodiscus crispatus45784 NZ coast745Coast541116514811894.11019.8 Strongylocentrot us sp413107.9 Gorgonoce phalus sp265.2 Strongylocentr otus sp26864 Kara Sea North8?OpenN49028565943.645.3 Gorgonocephalus arcticus20890.95 Gorgonoce phalus sp235.8 Strongylocentr otus sp862 East B N944Open N894128313717357.11835.9 Strongylocentrot us sp329821.68 Epizoanthu s sp582.7 Ophiacantha bidentata37075 FJL West1048Open N654032210510556.11108.3Porifera indet283136.17 Hydroidea indet472.0 Ophiopleura borealis37928 Stor Bank1147Bank42802241156103.7616.2 Gorgonocephalus sp240343.61 Asterias rubens218.2 Ophiopleura borealis17086 Cental B1243Bank31422151171586.4674.4 Strongylocentrot us sp29803.36 Gorgonoce phalus eucnemis415.1 Spiochaetopter us typicus38781 central bank south1340Bank5192260120621.5180Porifera indet24825 Metridium senile366.2 Spiochaetopter us typicus11217 Svalbard SE1426Open C623218115752221060.9Ophiuroidea sp353624.04 Phakellia ventilabru m350.0Ophiuroidea sp92163 Svalba NE1549Open N73812211461862.5182.9Porifera indet70901.62 Gorgonoce phalus eucnemis372.3 Ophiacantha bidentata3693 FJL North16?Open N260203732585.3831.1 Ophiacantha bidentata50799 Porifera indet214.7 Ophiacantha bidentata46065 Polar Sea17?Open N1104853028.35.8 Sclerocrangon boreas185.29 Gorgonoce phalus arcticus145.6 Ophiacantha bidentata33 East B S2939Open S86603131205992.278.1Ciona intestinalis107725.44 Asterias rubens358.0 Ctenodiscus crispatus26705 Spitsb. Bank3124Bank4146871347720823.1 Cucumaria frondosa373570.97 Porifera indet378.5 Ascidiacea indet42903 Svalbard W3221Coast5100275110 Communiti es73.1Geodia sp7395.39 Gorgonoce phalus arcticus355.8 Spiochaetopter us typicus5156 StordFjord og Sør3323Coast Open31652341501189.5198 Strongylocentrot us sp95920.52 Hippasteria phrygiana622.2 Ctenodiscus crispatus6257 Bear Is Ch3425Open S968183891747469.3422.6Geodia sp952166.96Geodia sp1269.6 Ctenodiscus crispatus21864 Hopen deep3842Open S777223221684188.11271.6 Ctenodiscus crispatus200374.25 Gorgonoce phalus sp245.7 Ctenodiscus crispatus85970 Pechora Sea4037Coast621073841783.9340 Sabinea septemcarinata32112.12 Paralithode s camtschatic us513.80 Sabinea septemcarinat a10082 Finnmark Open Sea4130Coast12247298120121267.7Geodia sp42724.94Geodia sp4272.5 Macandrevia cranium2324 Tromsø flaket4227Coast7923327979851.3250.4Geodia sp5987662.5Geodia sp3207.1Astarte sp4556 King crab4334Coast8107210512657356.367.5 Paralithodes camtschaticus7015172.16 Paralithode s camtschatic us2587.7 Paralithodes camtschaticus2711 Finnmark Coast Line4829Coast3301563395.916 Paralithodes camtschaticus2070 Paralithode s camtschatic us1035.0Natantia sp185 Kola coast line4931Coast441191241565.412.08Geodia sp31314Geodia sp1252.6 Terebratulina retusa171 Svalbard fjords5122Fjords6110218107375.469.3 Ctenodiscus crispatus12076.44 Gorgonoce phalus arcticus209.4Ophiura sarsi1542 Kara Sea North E58?Open N280367622389.2131.7 Gorgonocephalus arcticus80968.5 Urasterias linckii468.8Porifera indet3040

4. Is the number of communities depended on number of stations in each of the polygons

5. Is the number of species depended on the number of stations within each polygon ?

6. Is the mean biomass depended on number of stations within each polygon

7. Is the mean abundance depended on the number of stations in each polygon

8. Is the number of species depended on number of communities in each polygon

9. Does coastal polygons have more communities than bank and open-sea polygons ?

10. Does the number of communities depends on the depth ?

11. Polygon Area nameNew Poly nrMean DepthSpecies (n)B/A DomB/A Val NordKapp Banken E41302130Geodia sp5966.9 Kapp Kanin North357359Paralithodes camtschaticus4510.0 Finnmark Open Sea30298120Geodia sp4272.5 Tromsø flaket2733279Geodia sp3207.1 King crab34105126Paralithodes camtschaticus2587.7 Kola coast open sea33199140Paralithodes camtschaticus1954.5 Bear Is Ch25389174Geodia sp1269.6 Where do we find the largest bodies

12. Polygon Area nameNew Poly nrMean DepthSpecies (n)BioDomBioVal King crab34105126Paralithodes camtschaticus7015172.16 Tromsø flaket2733279Geodia sp5987662.5 Bear Is Ch25389174Geodia sp952166.96 NZ coast45165148Strongylocentrotus sp413107.9 Spitsb. Bank2487134Cucumaria frondosa373570.97 Svalbard SE26181157Ophiuroidea sp353624.04 East B N44283137Strongylocentrotus sp329821.68 Where do we find the largest biomass

13. Polygon Area nameNew Poly nrMean DepthSpecies (n)AbuBomAbuVal Svalbard SE26181157Ophiuroidea sp92163 Hopen deep42322168Ctenodiscus crispatus85970 FJL North?20373Ophiacantha bidentata46065 NZ South38159149Ctenodiscus crispatus45784 Spitsb. Bank2487134Ascidiacea indet42903 Cental B43215117Spiochaetopterus typicus38781 FJL West48322105Ophiopleura borealis37928 East B N44283137Ophiacantha bidentata37075 NZ coast45165148Strongylocentrotus sp26864 Where do we find the highest abundances

14. What to do Station (n) Number of communities (Benjamin) Comm. heterogenity mean depth – comparisons ETC species richness mean abundance mean biomass Phylogenetic biodiversity (Magnus) Eveness Shannon index Simpson Skewness Kurtosis Species area curves Tot B/A Largest sp (g) Largest sp name Largest sp function Top ten B /and A Top 10 species history Polygon (within and between comparisons) Species history (within and between species)

15. Gradients (within and between polygons) Trawl impact on community structure and complexity Snow-King crab impact on community structure and complexity Temperature impact on community structure and complexity

16. High stability and low lifespan turnover Low stability and high lifespan turnover Basin of attraction depth ? Basin of attraction depth? Threshold, step- trends, critically rapid transition, tipping point Along a gradient or in time Disturbed end-member community Resilience of an degraded community often makes it difficult for the system to return to its previous, non-degraded state limiting the potential for restoration. Social-ecological system delivering ecosystem goods and services Regime shift Dying out Key sp. w. important functions What's the indicator species Recovery (engineering resilience) Deep-burrowing and bioturbating taxa

17. Teories 1.Large organisms represent k-selective specimens (biomass is important) 2.Many, small organisms represent r- selective specimens (A and B is important) 3.Cumulative species history represent the status (Species number is important) Hypothesis: stations with high degree of trawl impact has low 1, high 2 and low 3 and visa versa (another history for king/snow crab)

18. How to present the results ? Colour polygons according to results – Is there any consistence or pattern ? – Does the species history tell why ? – Temperature impact – Impact from invasive top predators – Fishing impact.......

19. VMS and fishing impact Vessel Monitoring System Introduced in Norway in 2000 All fishing vessels > 15 m (since 2010) Date, time, vessel, position, speed, heading Hourly resolution VMS data = proxy for trawling impact?

20. The ATLANTIS polygons

21. VMS data from one year: 2006

22. Filtered by vessel speed: 2-5 knots

23. Red dots: assumption of trawling

24. VMS data joined to polygons

25. Symbolised by vms position counts, for total no. of hrs trawled