1. Z556 Systems Analysis & Design Session 9 ILS Z556 1

2. Team Process Presentation on November 20 15 minutes Present your teamwork process, not the findings about the project Use artifacts Everyone should be involved in the presentation ILS Z556 2

3. Feedback Meeting (Block, 2011) ILS Z556 3 Be honest & authentic

4. Consolidated Models Show where the breakdowns and bottlenecks are Elevate what would otherwise be a bunch of anecdotes to reveal systemic problems Give the IT dept. a way to talk back to the business about prioritization decisions ILS Z556 4

5. Consolidating Sequence Models Show the common structure of a task across a customer population Use the flow model to identify the important tasks Only consolidate tasks that the system will support, that you will redesign, or that you need to understand in detail ILS Z556 5

6. Example of Consolidated Sequence Model Prepare study guide for class/make lecture notes available to students ActivityIntentAbstracted StepsBreakdowns Create study guide Create additional materials based on course lecture to help students prepare for assignments Finding digital versions of images that match the text book images List image #s (DIDO #s or textbook #s) to be reviewed List terms necessary Share lecture/ study guide Share lecture Upload lecture to Oncourse Schedule office hours to review lecture 20 MB per PPT lecture requirement in Oncourse which either suggest faculty to break up lectures or to meet size requirements Share study guide with students Upload study guide to Oncourse ILS Z556 6

7. Consolidating Flow Models Step 1: generate complete list of responsibilities for each individual Step 2: examine each responsibility Step 3: recognize when different people play the same roles Step 4: how roles map to individuals Step 5: consolidate the artifacts and communications between people ILS Z556 7

8. Consolidated Flow Model: Consider Roles First ILS Z556 8 Head chef - Keep track of what’s in the kitchen - Provide oversight & instruct other cooks as necessary - Make sure cooks are working together - Communicate exact needs to shopper - Decide on desired meals for special event with event planner - Find out what’s needed to restock inventory Cook - Negotiate meals and who will make them with other cooks - Coordinate with head chef on use of kitchen - Make sure ingredients for planned meal are available - Coordinate with head chef on how to make meal Shopper -Find out from head chef what to buy and when to go - Make on-the-spot decisions about substitutions -Bring accounting of expense to fund manager Event planner Funds manager

9. Consolidated Flow Model: Add Artifacts & Interactions ILS Z556 9 Head chef - Keep track of what’s in the kitchen - Provide oversight & instruct other cooks as necessary - Make sure cooks are working together - Communicate exact needs to shopper - Decide on desired meals for special event with event planner - Find out what’s needed to restock inventory Cook - Negotiate meals and who will make them with other cooks - Coordinate with head chef on use of kitchen - Make sure ingredients for planned meal are available - Coordinate with head chef on how to make meal Shopper -Find out from head chef what to buy and when to go - Make on-the-spot decisions about substitutions -Bring accounting of expense to fund manager Event planner list of ingredients Manage cooks Funds manager

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11. Consolidating Artifact Models Individual models show the structure and usage of the things people create and use Consolidated artifact models shows common organizing themes and concepts that people use to pattern their work ILS Z556 11

12. Consolidated Artifact Model How it chunks Use the structure of the artifact to guide the structure of the system Maintain the distinctions that matter to users What it looks like Determine the intent of the presentation details Mimic the intent of presentation details, not the details themselves ILS Z556 12

13. Consolidated Physical Model The reality check Don’t depend on what’s not there Account for movement and multiple locations Take advantage of what is there ILS Z556 13

14. Consolidated Physical Model Pitfalls Not taking the physical environment seriously E.g., if people don’t have printers by their desks, don’t build a system that requires frequent trips to the printer E.g., If your users walk around all the time, don’t try to tie them to a desk by giving them a product that only runs on a desktop ILS Z556 14

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16. Consolidated Cultural Model Indicates a direction for the design Shows within that direction what constraints have to be accounted for Managers need to monitor and manage the values of an organization Make sure the changes you introduce will cause someone in the customer population to take notice (get buy-in) ILS Z556 16

17. Consolidation The affinity diagram: Data from individual users to groups Consolidation helps us understand intent, strategy, structure, concepts, and mind-sets to support customers ILS Z556 17

18. Comparing Various Consulting Models (Schwen, 1995) Product consulting Prescription consulting Collaborative (Process) consulting ~= Block’s Flawless consulting ILS Z556 18

19. Dealing with Resistance (Block, Chapter 9) Step 1: Pick up the cues Step 2: Name the resistance Step 3: Be quiet, let the client respond Consulting with a stone (p. 157) Don’t take it personally ILS Z556 19

20. Feedback Session (Block Ch 14, p. 223) ILS Z556 20 User Language That IsAvoid Language That Is DescriptiveJudgmental FocusedGlobal SpecificStereotyped BriefLengthy SimpleComplicated

21. Feedback Session (Block Ch 14) Consultant as witness Consultant as judge Consultant as jury Consultant as prosecutor Consultant as defendant ILS Z556 21

22. A Structure of a Feedback Meeting (Block, p. 229, 2 nd ed.) Problem statement Why the problem exists What happens if the problem is not fixed In the short term In the long term Recommended solutions Expected benefits ILS Z556 22

23. Affinity Diagram ILS Z556 23

24. The Affinity Diagram (see Chapter 8 in HWW) ILS Z556 24

25. The Affinity Diagram ILS Z556 25 Problem Label Labels Sub-problem data

26. Contextual Design for Invention Get diverse perspectives Inquiry into the consolidated work models Brainstorms new work practice Develop multiple solutions ILS Z556 26

27. Using Models for Design Synthesize across the models Discuss the models and possible metaphors in the team, which leads to shared understanding and perspectives Data  consolidated models  design ILS Z556 27

28. Goals of Work Redesign To look across the different models and see a unified picture of work practice To use multiple perspectives to reveal the issues To use multiple possibilities to drive the invention of a creative design solution ILS Z556 28

29. Goals of Work Redesign ILS Z556 29

30. Affinity Model Exercise Goal: Build affinity model based on these cards Each team will fill out 20 index cards (interpretation notes) + 5 color index cards (category notes) Write down “data (e.g., The principle includes a personal note on each printed e-mail that he sends to the teacher)” related to issues from either interviews or observations on the 20 index cards Chunk these 20 cards into some categories Use the color index cards to label these categories ILS Z556 30

31. Affinity Notes ILS Z556 31

32. Affinity Diagram ILS Z556 32