1. Global Change: Remote sensing full-resolution image

2. Global Change: Remote sensing

3. Visit September Sea Ice Concentrations for an animation of September sea ice concentrations 1979 -2010.September Sea Ice Concentrations Imagery: small scale (coarse) resolution – large area

4. Changes in snowmelt, Greenland High resolution: Jakobshavn Glacier http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=44625 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=44625

5. 2010 tied with 2005 as the warmest year since global records began in 1880

6. Kilimanjaro: 1993 and 2000 ice predicted to disappear by 2010 new estimate: 2030

8. Higher temperatures or lower moisture (presipitation) ?

9. Introduction Remotely sensed satellite imagery is suitable for monitoring changes, with regular orbitsregular orbits Repeat period = 1- 20 days...subject to cloud cover and scale There are few satellite 'photos' - they are images, captured along scan paths. e.g. Earthnow (this webpage app needs Java) Earthnow Early earth monitoring satellites were launched by NASA, but now many from other countries (and corporations). Types vary according to:

10. 1. Electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths Environmental Remote Sensing 1.Visible wavelengths 2. Near/mid Infra-Red 3. Thermal infra-red (Heat) 4. Microwave radar (cloud-free) Reflected: Emitted:

11. 2. Sensor types: resolution (pixel size) <1 metre to 10 kilometrepixel size Low resolution 1km -10km (national) 5000 x 5000km www.goes.noaa.govwww.goes.noaa.gov Medium res. 100 -500 m (regional) 500 x 500km MODISMODIS High resolution 10-100 m http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/ 200km ( 1972->80m) (1982->30m) SPOT 60 x 60km (1986-10m) http://gallery.spotimage.com/ http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://gallery.spotimage.com/ Very high 1 - 10 metres (Local) 60 x 60km Ikonos Quickbird Tsunami 2004 Geoeye IkonosQuickbird2004Geoeye

12. 3. Types of sensors – active or passive mode Passive – capturing reflected solar or emitted terrestrial radiation Most of the images so far Active – using sensor generated energy RADAR (microwave) LiDAR (visible / near IR) Sensors: Remote Sensing Instruments Remote Sensing Instruments Full list: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_set.php?sensorName=allhttp://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_set.php?sensorName=all New satellite sensors: http://members.home.nl/wim.h.bakkerhttp://members.home.nl/wim.h.bakker

13. There are 3 types of image displays: a. RGB composite = 3 bands left - visible wavelengths Right – using IR Single band b. Grayscale -> c. Pseudocolour

14. http://www.abc.net.au/news/infographics/qld-floods/beforeafter.htm High-res imagery: large-scale small area

15. Low res: large area http://www.ssmi.com/sst/sst_data_daily.html?sat=tmi_amsre

16. Urban growth: Landsat (since 1972)

17. Deforestation

18. 03 2003: Cranbrook Hill – the green University

19. 06 2006 Cranbrook Hill – the red-green university

20. remote sensing change applications Lake loss: Aral Sea Aral Sea

21. Earthshots: satellite images of environmental changesatellite images of environmental change Urban expansion: Las VegasLas Vegas Agricultural expansion- Elburz, Iran Elburz, Iran Environmental accident: ChernobylChernobyl Deforestation: Rondonia (Brazil)Rondonia desertification - Aral SeaAral Sea

22. TERRA satellite 1999 Includes two sensors: MODIS and ASTER MODISMODIS- bands and applications (250 / 500 / 1000m) http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/specifications.php MODIS- sensing for global change research: http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/library/pdf/ieeetgrs36_p1228.pdf

23. MODIS Rapid Response System Global Fire Maps http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

24. August 22, 2010 MODIS image

25. Castle Glacier, near McBride

26. Central Coast Mountains, Landsat September 2003

27. Central Coast Mountains, Landsat August 2006

28. Landsat image, Mt. Robson Park, 1990 (all Landsat archive -> online in 2009)

29. Successive glacier extents for Mt. Robson glaciers 1900-2005

30. -342 km² -824 km² -78.8 km² -89.1 km² -235 km² - 3.4 km² - 814 km² - 453 km² -285 km² - 167 km² Glacier Change in Area (km²) (~ 1985 – 2005) T. Bolch, B.Menounos, R. Wheate

31. -0.72 ± 0.14 -0.35 ± 0.13 -0.79 ± 0.15 -0.88 ± 0.16 -0.67 ± 0.15 -1.11 ± 0.24 -0.61 ± 0.18 -1.21 ± 0.23 -0.44 ± 0.15 -1.20 ± 0.16 Glacier Retreat Rates (% a -1 ) (~ 1985 – 2005) T. Bolch, B.Menounos, R. Wheate BC: -0.54 ± 0.15 Alberta: -1.27 ± 0.17 Whole Inventory: -0.55 ± 0.16 3 - Glacier Changes

32. Glacier Retreat Rates (% a -1 ) (1985 – 2000; 2000-2005) -0.66 ± 0.23 -0.49 ± 0.26 -0.27 ± 0.19 -0.69 ± 0.23 -0.47 ± 0.33 T. Bolch, B.Menounos, R. Wheate -1.03 ± 0.70 -0.44 ± 0.53 -1.21 ± 0.96 -0.92 ± 0.74 -0.79 ± 0.81

33. 19922006

34. (Homathko River Park)

35. 3D Visualisation of past and future change created from air photos, images and mapping Glaciers and vegetation Glacier National ParkGlacier National Park (Montana)

36. MARS720: Is there global change on Mars? http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/CO2_Science_rel/ DEM resolution z = 30cm!

37. Useful websites NASA weekly images http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/ Earth image of the day: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.phphttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php Visible Earth: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/