1. Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Quiz 14A

2. Genesis 1:11-13
 11 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb that yields seed, and the fruit tree that yields fruit according to its kind, whose seed is in itself, on the earth"; and it was so.
12 And the earth brought forth grass, the herb that yields seed according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind. And God saw that it was good.
13 So the evening and the morning were the third day.

3. Review
genetic variety
gene pairs
Diploid
Haploid
gametes

4. In plants gametes are produced in flowers, cones, or other special structures.

5. Flowers have one primary function for the plant: to produce seeds for reproduction.

6. A flower’s color, shape, and smell is designed by God to help carry out the flower’s reproductive processes.

7. Flowers
A typical flower consists of 4 different types of appendages [sepals, petals, stamens, carpels (pistils)].

8. Arrangement of flower parts
There may be few or many of each of the four types, but each type usually is positioned on the flower base in the same relative location.
sepals – outermost
petals – inside sepals
stamens – inside petals
carpels – in the center

9. the flower stalk; supports the flower
pedicel
the flower stalk; supports the flower

10. receptacle
the end of the pedicel that bears the floral parts and holds the developing seeds
receptacle

11. sepal
the leaflike outermost structure of a flower; usually green (some exceptions like the tulip – the tulip’s sepals are the same color and size as its petals
sepal

12. sepal (collectively called the calyx)
protects the other floral parts as they develop in the bud

13. petal
any of the brightly colored leaflike structures (often the largest and most colorful parts)

14. (collectively called the corolla)
petal
(collectively called the corolla)
they attract insects and animals with their showy colors and sweet nectar

15. stamen the male reproductive part of a flower
the organ which produces pollen (contains sperm)

16. Two parts of the stamen
Filament
Anther

17. slender, elongated stalk
filament
slender, elongated stalk
bears the anther

18. the enlarged structure at the tip of the stamen (knobby sac)
anther
the enlarged structure at the tip of the stamen (knobby sac)
produces the pollen

19. pollen
each kind of pollen has a definite shape and surface texture; many are covered with spikes or knobs

20. Carpels (pistil)
elongated, vase-shaped female reproductive part of a flower
the central structure in a flower

21. Parts of the Carpel
Stigma
Style
Ovary

22. the tip of the pistil that receives pollen (often sticky)
stigma
the tip of the pistil that receives pollen (often sticky)

23. the stalklike structure of the pistil
style
the stalklike structure of the pistil

24. the swollen base of the pistil that contains the future seeds
ovary
the swollen base of the pistil that contains the future seeds

25. ovary
The ovary may be superior (above the receptacle) or inferior (within the receptacle)

26. the future seeds (contain ova)
ovules
the future seeds (contain ova)

27. one which has sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
complete flower
one which has sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils

28. lacks one or more of the four basic flower parts
incomplete flower
lacks one or more of the four basic flower parts

29. incomplete flower
example: poinsetta - they lack petals; the bright red structures are special leaves called bracts; all of the plants of the grass family produce incomplete flowers that have bracts instead of petals and sepals.

30. incomplete flower
Specific terms are applied to incomplete flowers that lack either stamens or pistils:
staminate
pistillate

31. lack pistils and have stamens (male flowers)
staminate
lack pistils and have stamens (male flowers)

32. lack stamens and have pistils (female flowers)
pistillate
lack stamens and have pistils (female flowers)

33. Incomplete flower example
In Corn:
the tassels are staminate flowers
the ears are pistillate flowers

34. monoecious plant
any plants on which staminate and pistillate flowers are produced (oaks, walnuts, hickories, birches)

35. dioecious plant
produce staminate flowers on one plant and pistillate flowers on another (willows, poplars, American holly)

36. the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma
pollination
the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma

37. types of pollination
self-pollination: occurs in the same flower or with another flower of the same plant
cross-pollination: from the anther of one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant

38. Self-pollination

39. Cross-pollination

40. after pollination
the fertilized ovum is a zygote that grows into a tiny embryo plant
the ovule develops into a seed (The seed contains the embryo, some stored food, and a protective coat)
the ovary develops into a fruit

41. horticulturists
agricultural scientists who specialize in growing flowers, fruits, vegetables, and shrubs