1. 14-15 school year EOC review
Reporting Category 1
14-15 school year
EOC review

2. TEK 4A
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

3. Prokaryotes Do NOT have a nucleus
However, they do contain genetic material (DNA or RNA)
They have a cell wall
They are unicellular
Kingdoms: Archaea and Bacteria

4. Eukaryotes Have a nucleus that contains DNA
Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not
Have organelles
Can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular
Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

5. Example Questions

6. TEK 4B
Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules

7. Homeostasis
Cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells
To stay alive, a cell must exchange materials such as food, water, and wastes with its environment
Small molecules like water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide can move in and out freely

8. Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Smaller molecules diffuse faster
Molecules diffuse faster at higher temperatures
Osmosis is the diffusion of water; water will move to an area that has a higher concentration of molecules
Hypotonic: solute concentration is higher inside cell(less water) so water enters the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst
Hypertonic: solute concentration is higher outside cell so water moves out causing the cell to shrink
Isotonic: the concentrations are the same on both sides of the membrane

9. Example Question

10. TEK 4C
Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza

11. Viruses A non-living parasite
Highly specific to the types of cells they infect
Turns the cell into a virus making factory

12. Viral Reproduction
Viruses can reproduce through the lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle
Each cycle uses the cell’s equipment to build new viruses
Lytic cycle results in death of cell
Lysogenic cycle does not result in death of cell

14. Example Question

15. TEK 5A
Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including DNA replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms

16. Why do cells divide?
Growth, reproduction(in single celled organisms) and repair
Control of the Cell Cycle:
G1 checkpoint- check to see if DNA is damaged
G2 checkpoint- check to see if DNA replicated properly
M checkpoint- check the alignment of chromosomes

17. Mitosis
The division of the nucleus that results in identical complete copies of chromosomes packaged into two new nuclei
Cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm that results in two daughter cells

18. Example Questions

19. TEK 5C
Describe the roles of DNA, RNA, and environmental factors in cell differentiation

20. Cell Differentiation
You started life as a single cell, a zygote. Your body now contains millions of cells that are specialized for different functions. Muscle cells are specialized for movement. Stomach cells produce acid that breaks down food. The development of cells that have specialized functions is known as cell differentiation. All the cells of a multicellular organism contain the same DNA, so cell differentiation is due to a difference in gene expression rather than a difference in DNA. The process of gene expression is affected by both the internal and external environment

21. TEK 5D
Recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer

22. Characteristics of cancerous cells
Lost the restraints on growth; they are engaged in mitosis(dividing for an unlimited number of generations)
Lack of contact inhibition
Reduced dependence on growth factors in the environment
Do not cooperate with other cells in their environment

23. Characteristics of cancerous cells

24. TEK 9A
Compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, protein and nucleic acids

25. Metabolism
Metabolism: the full set of chemical processes carried out by a living organism
Anabolism: the formation of large complex molecules by linking together smaller, simpler molecules
Require energy input
Catabolism: the breakdown of large, complex molecules into smaller molecules
Release energy

26. Biomolecules Biomolecule Facts Carbohydrates Protein Lipids
Elements: CHO
Monomer: monosaccharides
Used to store and release energy
Protein
Elements: CHON
Monomer: amino acids
Function as enzymes or structure
Lipids
Monomer: triglycerides
Function as energy storage
Nucleic Acids
Elements; CHON
Monomer: nucleotides
Components of DNA and RNA

27. Example Question