1. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory ABLC 2014 Renewable Chemicals and Materials

2. 2 Overview o Introduction to NREL o Market drivers o R&D focus on biofuels, chemicals, and materials – Feedstocks – Biological conversion – Thermochemical conversion o Chemicals and materials o Value add that DOE and national labs can provide

3. Snapshot of NREL Leading clean-energy innovation for 36 years 1740 employees with world-class facilities Campus is a living model of sustainable energy Owned by the Department of Energy (DOE) Biofuel Partner Facilities (IBRF and TCUF) Only National Laboratory Dedicated Solely to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 3

4. NREL’s Mission Covers Energy EfficiencyRenewable EnergySystems IntegrationMarket Focus Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Personal and Commercial Vehicles Solar Wind and Water Biomass Hydrogen Geothermal Grid Infrastructure Distributed Energy Interconnection Battery and Thermal Storage Transportation Private Industry Federal Agencies Defense Dept. State/Local Govt. International 4

5. National Energy Imperatives Reducing dependence on foreign sources Stimulating clean-energy companies and job growth Protecting resources and reducing global warming 5

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7. NBC Partners 7  NREL is co-developing biofuel and chemical technologies with a large mix of leading bio- ethanol, -butanol, -gasoline, -diesel, -jet and -chemical producers.  Technology development ranges from individual pieces of the process to fully integrated biomass to biofuel demonstrations and from bench to pilot scale.  Collaborations range from a couple of weeks to multiple years in duration.  NREL engages in dozens of collaborative pilot scale research projects with industrial partners annually. Hydrocarbon and Alcohol Fuel ProducersTechnology Developers & Providers

8. Markets for Biofuels, Renewable Chemicals and Materials Energy Security Environmental Reduction in GHG’s Price volatility in the petroleum market Market Drivers: 8

9. 9 Biofuels and Bio- based Products Strain Development and Product Recovery Bench Scale Integrated Process Development Computational Modeling, Strain Development, and Catalytic Upgrading Combining biotechnology and chemistry to identify and develop cost-effective processes for production of advanced biofuels and bio-based products using a variety of feedstocks including sugars, lignin, CO 2 and biogas. NBC Bioprocess R&D Group BioChemical Process Research Bioprocess Research Bioprocess Development

10. 10 Gasification & Pyrolysis Chemical mechanisms and kinetics Analytical tool development Chemistry, flow and transport Velocity field and bubble visualization 12 million particles CFD Model Fluidized Bed Herriot cell for diode laser detection of H 2 S in gasifiers

11. 11 Biorefinery Analysis TEA: Assess technical & economic feasibility of biofuels conversion processes o Detailed process analysis with mass and energy balances o Impact of major cost drivers (sensitivity studies) o Set research targets & use them as measure of research progress LCA: Overall environmental impacts of the technology (supporting ANL) o Quantification of impacts and areas of improvement (focus on CONVERSION) o Track research progress (economic & sustainability criteria) Process Model in Aspen Plus Flow rates Process from Capital and Operating Costs Fuel Product Yield Cost Minimum Fuel Selling Price (MFSP) Feedstock Logistics Land Use Change Feedstock Logistics Biomass Conversion Product Distribution Fuel Utilization GHG Emissions Water Use Net Energy Use Criteria Air Emissions

12. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Bioethylene production from CO 2 Cyanobacteria Peak production rate of 30mg/L/hr at the bench scale Developing an integrated process and scaling up Renewable Chemicals and Materials

13. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Chemicals and Materials from Algae Fractionation Lipids upgraded to a renewable diesel Carbohydrates converted to ethanol Protein to high value products Renewable Chemicals and Materials

14. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Valorization of Lignin ~ 30% of biomass Heterogenous structure Heat and power role in biorefineries Depolymerization of lignin Biological conversion to platform chemicals: Organic acids Alcohols PHAs PHBs Renewable Chemicals and Materials

15. 15 Integrated Biorefinery Facility o Feed milling and handling o Three continuous pretreatment process trains o Two enzymatic hydrolysis process trains o Fermentation systems (30-L to 9000-L vessels) o Separation equipment o Small batch and continuous pretreatment reactors Enzymatic Hydrolysis Reactors Fermentors Centrifuge Horizontal-Tube Pretreatment Reactor Pilot scale equipment for integrated biomass processing

16. 16 Thermochemical Process Development Unit (TCPDU) Pilot scale system for scaling-up and testing technologies and catalysts developed at the lab scale. Flexible system design - configurable unit operations Three reformer configuration options for gasification Full stream fluidized bed reformer Full stream FBR + full stream packed bed reformer Circulating fluidized reforming system (R-cubed) Equipment can be used for gasification and pyrolysis with minimal changes R-cubed could be used as vapor-phase upgrading of pyrolysis vapors OR as a catalytic fast pyrolysis system Entrained flow reactor used in pyrolysis used as second stage thermal cracker for gasification

17. 17 TCPDU Capabilities & Experience Extended operation – multiple extended runs including a demonstration with over 100 hours of continuous operation Dedicated Analytics – GCs with sulfur and nitrogen speciation, continuous gas analyzers, and MBMS for real-time analysis at multiple process locations Industrial Partnerships – clients can develop and test new processes or equipment and obtain extensive performance data on such. Partners have included Dow Chemical, Enerkem, Johnson Matthey, UOP, Pall, Petrobras, Taylor Bioenergy, and A.E. Staley

18. 18 Compositional Analysis We provide biomass compositional analysis services to internal and external clients, using widely recognized Laboratory Analytical Procedures (LAPs) based on the Uppsala Method for dietary fiber analysis We maintain a website of these freely-available LAPs: http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/analytical_procedures.html NIST Reference Materials

19. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Richard Bolin Richard.Bolin@nrel.gov 303-384-7716 Visit us online at www.nrel.gov Thank you for the opportunity