1. Chapter Outline Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. Late Medieval Background II. Italian Renaissance Art III. The Northern Renaissance IV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517 V. Luther and the Reformation VI. Impact of the Reformation

2. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Late Medieval Background A. Economic Depression and the Bubonic Plague Drought > famine > weakness 1347–50 — Plague “Black Death” B. Impact End of medieval economic system serfdom > wage labor

3. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. Italian Renaissance Art A. The Setting Italian City-States — 5 major: Milan Naples Papal States Venice Florence Bankers Medici rule Florence (1434–94) B. Literary Precedents vernaculars Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) Divine Comedy Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340–1400) Canterbury Tales Christine de Pizan (1365–c.1430) The Book of the City of Ladies

4. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. Italian Renaissance Art A. The Setting Italian City-States — 5 major: Milan Naples Papal States Venice Florence Bankers Medici rule Florence (1434–94) B. Literary Precedents vernaculars Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) Divine Comedy Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340–1400) Canterbury Tales Christine de Pizan (1365–c.1430) The Book of the City of Ladies Ignazio Danti, The Lagoon of Venice

5. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. Italian Renaissance Art C. Humanism Definition Francesco Petrarca (1304–74) “Father of Humanism” Latin poetry Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–75) Decameron Classical Revival “The Academy” Marsilio Ficino (1433–99) Pico della Mirandola (1463–94) D. Art Early Giotto (c.1266–1337) Masaccio (1401–28) Sandro Botticelli (1447–1510) Donatello (1386–1466) High (1500–1530) Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)

6. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. The Northern Renaissance A. The Influence of Printing Johann Gutenberg, 1440s movable type B. Northern Europe François Rabelais (c.1483–1553) Gargantua and Pantagruel Michel de Montaigne (1533–92) essays Ulrich von Hutten (1488–1523) National Literatures Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616) Don Quixote de la Mancha William Shakespeare (1564–1616) England Elizabeth I (1588–1603) C. Northern Painting Jan van Eyck (c.1395–1441) e.g. The Arnolfini Wedding Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) Hieronymus Bosch (1480–1516) The Garden of Delights Pieter Brueghel the Elder (c. 1525–69) D. Northern Humanism Desiderius Erasmus (c.1466–1536) The Praise of Folly, 1511 Sir Thomas More (1478–1535) Utopia

7. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. Crises of the Catholic Church: 1300–1517 A. Papacy Boniface VIII (1294–1303) Unam Sanctam (1302) Avignon Papacy (1302–1377) The Great Schism (1378–1417) Rome v. Avignon B. Wycliffe and Hus John Wycliffe (c.1320–84) John Hus (c.1369–1415) Bohemia excommunicated > Council of Constance, 1415 > Hussite wars (1419–37) C. The Conciliar Movement 1395, University of Paris 1417—Schism ended D. Political Challenges Italian City-States e.g., Milan Gallican Church

8. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. Luther and the Reformation A. The Search for Salvation Augustinians Treasury of Merit > Indulgences First Crusade, etc. > Sales of Indulgences 1517 — Mainz Indulgence Archbishop Albert of Mainz—50% Pope Leo X — 50% for St. Peters Johan Tetzel, Dominican monk > Ninety-Five Theses, 1517 B. Luther’s Challenge Infallibility of the Pope Authority of church fathers Role of the clergy “priesthood of all believers” 1521 — Imperial Diet, at Worms Peasant revolts

9. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VI. Impact of the Reformation A. The Anglican Church Henry VIII (1509–47) Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536) annulment Dissolution of the Monasteries Edward VI (154753) Somerset v. Northumberland Mary Tudor B. Protestantism on the Continent Anabaptism 1499 — Swiss Independence Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) John Calvin (1509–64) Geneva — Consistory Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) C. Catholic Reformation Savonarola (1452–98) Cardinal Ximenes (1437–1517) St. Teresa of Avila (1515–82) Interior Castle, The Ladder of Perfection Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Ignatius Loyola (1491–1556) Pope Paul III (1534–49) Council of Trent (1545–63) Catholic ChurchLuther Sacraments7 2 AuthorityBible, traditionsBible only Indulgencesupheld denied Worksupheld faith alone

10. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 14: European Cultural and Religious Transformations: 1300–1600 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Fifteenth-century map of Canterbury