1. 1 VMS Library 2008-2009 Europe The Continent Series

2. 2 Satellite View

3. 3 Longitude / Latitude

4. 4 Europe’s Latitude vs. US

5. 5 3,800 square miles

6. 6 Regions

7. 7 Northern Peninsulas Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

8. 8 Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Anatolean Peninsula Crimean Peninsula

9. 9 Mediterranean Sea: 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide “Crossroads of 3 Continents” Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

10. 10 Po R. Tiber R. Rivers

11. 11 The Danube River 1770 miles

12. 12 The Danube River Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet

13. 13 The Alps Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France. Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

14. 14 Mt. Blanc in the Alps Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

15. 15 Ural Mountains:The Great Divide Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia. Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia. 1500 miles

16. 16 The Ural Mountains

17. 17 ClimateClimate

18. 18 LAND USE

19. United Kingdom 19

20. United Kingdom Made up of 4 regions including England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom’s government used to be an Absolute Monarchy, but today is a Constitutional Monarchy. The first document that limited the power of the king and forced him to obey the laws of the land was the Magna Carta. Parliament is the law-making body and made up of elected representatives. The British empire used to be so large that the “sun never set of the British empire.” Member of the EU. 20

21. What month in Norway has the highest avg. temperature? What month in Portugal receives the highest average rainfall? What is the average temperature for the month of November in Portugal? How much rainfall does Norway receive in April? Which country do you think is closer to the equator? 21

22. France 22

23. France France is well known for its musical composers, literature, art, food, and fashion. The idea of three branches of government came from France. France is known for its innovative architecture. France has many immigrants within its borders including people from North Africa. France is Roman Catholic 23

24. 24 The BENELUX Countries Belgium Belgium Netherlands Netherlands Luxembourg Luxembourg Belgium Belgium Netherlands Netherlands Luxembourg Luxembourg

25. 25

26. Italy Italy is next to the Vatican City, the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. St. Peter’s basilica is in the Vatican City, along with the Sistine Chapel. Northern Italy is far more developed than Southern Italy with manufacturing, business, fashion, and modern buildings. Southern Italy depends on agriculture. Most people live in rural areas with traditional ways of life. 26

27. Germany 27

28. Germany Adolf Hitler was the leader of Germany during World War II and he killed millions of Jews during the Holocaust. After World War II, Germany was divided in two. West Germany was controlled by the U.S., France, and the U.K., and East Germany was controlled by Russia. Berlin was divided as well between West Berlin and East Berlin. West Germany was a democracy and East Germany was communist. Germany was the front line for the cold war. 28

29. Germany Continued Communism fell, Germany was re-united and the Berlin Wall was torn down in 1989. West Germany has a better economy than East Germany because of many years of communism. Germany is a part of the European Union. 29

30. 30 Germany’s Black Forest

31. 31 Germany’s Black Forest

32. 32 Holland’s Dikes Polder: Land that is reclaimed from the sea or ocean.

33. 33 Amsterdam’s Canals Amsterdam has over 40 different canals crossing through the city.

34. 34 Norwegian Fjords Glaciers cut deep valleys in the ocean during the Ice Age. Fjord: Steep cliffs bordering an ocean or a sea.

35. 35 Reykjavik, Iceland: “The Youngest Oldest Country” Volcanoes Volcanoes Hot Springs Hot Springs Geysers Geysers Surtsey Island-A volcanic island Geyser: Hot water or steam warmed by magma under the crust that shoots up in the air.

36. 36 Mt. Etna, Sicily An active volcano An active volcano

37. 37 Eastern Europe

38. Poland 38

39. Poland Poland has a variety of religions including Judaism, Roman Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodox. During the Holocaust 85% of the Jewish people were killed by Hitler. Most people speak Polish and some speak Russian. During the Cold War Poland was under the control of a communist Soviet Union. Today Poland has a capitalist economy and has many foreign investors. The North European Plain runs through Poland making the land fertile for farming. 39

40. Ukraine 40

41. Ukraine Ukraine used to be under the control of the communist Soviet Union. Ukraine has very fertile farmland. Under communism the Soviet Union took control of Ukraine’s farms called collectives. They were forced to produce grains and meat. Ukraine has been ruled by outside countries in its history because of its location and few physical barriers. 41

42. Chernobyl Chernobyl was an outdated nuclear power plant that exploded in 1986 in Ukraine about 65 miles from Kiev the capital. More than 100,000 people had to be evacuated from nearby places. 32,000 square miles of farmland was contaminated. Many people were killed due to the radiation and many people have developed deformities or cancer from the explosion. Today there are still traces of contamination from the nuclear explosion. 42

43. Russia 43 Red Square in Moscow St. Petersburg, Russia

44. Russia Moscow, Russia is the capital of Russia. Russia used to be under communism for almost 70 years until 1991. Today Russia has a capitalist economy and most people are Slavic. After communism fell, many people form other countries invested in businesses in Russia hoping to make money. After communism fell, inflation rose and some people lost their life savings. Siberia has many resources. They produce coal, gold, iron, oil, and natural gas. The Trans-Siberian railroad helps carry materials. Much of Russia’s economy depends on natural resources. 44

45. Russia Continued 45 Compare what life is like in Moscow to what life is like in rural Siberia. Look on pages 340-341. Life in Moscow Life in rural Siberia

46. 46 Russia’s 10 Time Zones

47. 47 Siberia --> Permafrost Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C 150,000,000 population. 150,000,000 population.

48. 48 Lake Baikal, Siberia The oldest and deepest lake in the world. 20% of the world’s total unfrozen water supply. 20% of the world’s total unfrozen water supply.

49. 49 Trans-Siberian Railroad Completed in 1905 Completed in 1905

50. 50 Trans-Siberian Railroad The main line runs 5,785 miles. The main line runs 5,785 miles.

51. 51 Average Annual Precipitation

52. 52 Tundra: The Not-So-Barren Land Below the Arctic Circle

53. 53 Population Density [People Per Square Mile] Belgium336.82Mexico52.15 Japan336.72 United States 29.77 India336.62World14.42 United Kingdom 244.69Norway14.42 Italy192.96Canada 3.36 France108.09Russia 8.61

54. 54 Population Distribution

55. 55

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