1. NATURAL RESOURCES INTRODUCTION
Natural Resources: Air, Water, Soil, and Minerals along with the climate and Solar energy which form the non-living or abiotic part of nature.
Biotic: Plants, animals. Living organisms. 1

2. Earth’s Resources and Man
1.The Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3.Lithoshere
4.Biosphere

3. 1.The Atmosphere Oxygen for human respiration.
Oxygen as part of carbon dioxide used for the growth of plants.
Lower layer is Troposphere:12km thick.
Upper layer is Stratosphere(contains ozone layer):50km thick.
GreenHouse effectGlobal warming

4. 2. Hydrosphere
Clean water 4 drinking, water 4 washing & cooking, agriculture and industry
Food resources from sea.
covers three-quarters of the Earth’s surface.
Major part is marine system.
Deforestation, no rain fall,

5. 3.Lithoshere Soil, stone,sand&gravel
Micronutrients in soil useful 4 plant growth
Minerals.Oil,coal&gas.
92 elements in lithosphere, 8 r common
Crust of the Earth is 6- 7kmthick.47%oxygen,28%s ilicon,8% aluminium &5% iron.sodium,magnesium,po ttassium,calcium 4%

6. 4.Biosphere
The term "Biosphere" was coined by Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky in the 1929
The biosphere is the life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, including man, and all organic matter that has not yet decomposed.
The biosphere is structured into a hierarchy known as the food chain whereby all life is dependent upon the first tier (i.e. mainly the primary producers that are capable of photosynthesis).

7. Natural Cycles between the spheres
TheAtmosphere,Hydrosp here&Lithosphere r all connected through the hydrological cycle.
Evaporation from Oceans 
Precipitation on Land 
Infiltration into Ground (Ground Water) 
Runoff (Erosion)

8. The Hydrologic Cycle

9. Activity 1
Take a simple object in daily use and trace its components back to each of its spheres.
A Text Book: Paper from wood---Biosphere
Water for pulping wood--- Hydrosphere
Bleach to whiten the paper—a mineral
from the Lithosphere.

10. Renewable and non-renewable resources
Ecosystems act as resource producers and processors.
Solar energy is the main driving force of ecological systems.
The sun also drives the water cycle.
Our food comes from both natural and agricultural ecosystems.
To manufacture consumer products, industries require raw materials from nature including water, minerals and power

11. Natural resources and Associated Problems
The unequal consumption of natural resources: Developed nations:The north; developing nations:The south.
Consumption of resources per capita of the developed countries is up to 50 times greater than in most developing countries.
Developed nations also produce 75% of of the global industrial waste and GHGs.

12. Planning land use:
Necessary 4 food production,Animal husbandry, Industry…..
Scientist 2day believe that at least 10% of the land and water bodies of each ecosystem must be kept as wilderness for the long-term needs of protecting nature and natural resources.

13. The need for sustainable life style:
The quality of human life and the quality of ecosystems on the Earth are indicators of the sustainable use of resources.
Indicators of sustainable lifesyles in human life:
Increased longevity
an increase in knowledge
an enhancement of income
Indicators of the quality of the ecosystems
a stabilized population
the long-term conservation of biodiversity
preventing the degradation and pollution of the environment

14. a) Forest Resources
A forest is a highly complex,constantly changing environment made up of a variety of living things.
For humans,they have many aestetic,recreational,economic,historical,cultura l and religious values.
One-third of the world’s population depends on wood for fuel as a significant energy source.

15. Key Benefits of Forests
Provide clean water
Provide home to unique plants and animals
Source of economic growth
Provide clean air
Provide recreational opportunities
Ecological benefits.

16. Use and Overexploitation
Scientists estimate that India should have 33% of its land under forests.Today we have only 12%.
They used to be controlled by the tribal people.In British times large amt of timber was extracted for building their ships.

17. Deforestation
Today logging and mining r serious causes of loss of forests in our country and all over the world.
Due to timber extraction and our dependence on fuelwood.
Joint Force management(JFM) co-opts local village communities and the forest department work together to sustainably manage our forests.(1988)
From the initiation of the program until 2002 there were JFM commitees managing over sq km of forest under JFM in 27 states in India.
The share of profits for the VFcs ranges from 25% in Kerala to a 100% in AP, 50% in Gujarat,Maharastra,Orissa and Tripura.
In many states 25% of the revenue is used for village development

18. Forest functions
Watershed protection(reduce surface run-off,prevent flash floods &soilerosion)
Atmospheric regulation(absorption of solar energy,maintaining co2 levels and local climate conditions)
Erosion control(holding soil)
Land bank(maintaining soilnutrients and structure)
Local use(Food,fodder 4 cattle,fuelwood,charcoal,timber,fiber,medical plants)
Market use(fruit,gum,fiber,paperpulp)

19. Case study
JFM began in 1972 in the Midnapur district of West Bengal

20. b) Water Resources Water cycle maintains hydrological systems.
Wetlands r the intermediate forms between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Wetlands contain species of plants and animals that r highly moisture dependent.
The world depends on a limited quantity of fresh water.
Water covers 70% of the Earth’s surface but only 3% of this is fresh water.
Of this 2% is present as polar ice caps and only 1% is usable water in rivers, lakes and subsoil aquifers.
At a global level 70% of the water is used for agriculture, about 25% for industry and only 5% for domestic use.

21. India uses 90% of its water for agriculture, 7% for industry and 3% for domestic use.
World population has passed the 6 billion mark
The total annual fresh water withdrawals 2day r estimated at 3800 cubic kilometers, twice as much as just 50 years ago.
A person needs a minimum of 20 to 40 liters of water per day for drinking and sanitation.
More than one billion people worldwide have no access to clean water.
Local water conflicts r started:Karnataka and TamilNadu over the waters of the Cauvery River and Karnataka and AP over the Krishna waters.

22. India is expected to face critical levels of water stress by 2025.
At the global level now 31 countries facing the problem , by countries will face the same.
The UN estimated that by the year 2050, 4 billion people will be seriously affected by water shortages.
Around 20 major cities in India face chronic or interrupted water shortages.
There r 100 countries that share waters of 13 large rivers and lakes.

23. Over-Utilization and Pollution of surface and ground water
We use more water than needed.
Use biomass as fertilizer and non toxic pesticides like neem products to reduce pollution of surface and ground water.
Industry: wastes
Public awareness.

24. CASE STUDY
The Narayani River of Nepal has been polluted by factories located on its bank.
This has endangered the fish, dolphins, crocodiles and other flora and fauna of the region.

25. Global Climate Change
Caused by increasing air pollution: affect our climate.
Long droughts
Green house effect
Affect hydrological conditions.

26. Floods Serious environmental hazard for centuries.
Rivers overflowing their banks.
Wetlands in flood plains r nature’s flood control systems.
Deforestation in Himalayas causes floods.
Kill people , damage crops, destroy homes

27. Drought Rains r unpredictable in most of the areas.
India has “Drought Prone Areas Development Programs:
Under this people r given wages in bad years to build roads, minor irrigation works and plantation programs .

28. Water for agriculture and power generation
By creating large dams, it is met.
Area under irrigation increased from 40 million ha in 1900 to 100 million ha in 1950 and to 271 million ha by 1998.
Dams support 30 to 40 % of this area.
Dams alter river flows, change nature’s flood control mechanisms (wetlands and flood plains)

29. Sustainable water management
Measures need to be taken for the better management of the world’s water resources:
Building several small reservoirs instead of few mega projects.
Developing small catchment dams and protecting wetlands.
Soil management
Treating and recycling municipal waste water for agricultural use.
Preventing leakages from dams and canals
Preventing loss in municipal pipes
Effective rain water harvesting in urban environments
water conservation measures in agriculture

30. Dams 45000 large dams around the world
Abt 30-40% of the irrigated land world wide relies on dams.
19% of the world’s total electric power supply and used in over 150 countries.
China-India have built around 57% of the world’s large dams.

31. Problems caused by dams
The fragmentation and physical transformation of rivers.
Serious impacts on riverine ecosystems
Social consequences of large dams due to the displacement of people.
Water-logging and salinization of the surrounding lands.
Dislodging animal populations,damaging their habitat and cutting off their migratory routes
Disruption of fishing and waterway traffic
The emission of greenhouse gases from reservoirs due to rotting vegetation and carbon inflows from the catchment is a recently identified impact.

32. Case Study
Sardar sarovar project:

33. MAKE SURE THAT YOUR GOAL IS
SMART S: Specific M: Measurable A: Achievable R: Realistic T: Time bound

34. DEVEOP SENSE OF HUMOUR.