1. MPACT I Arizona State Exploring Multicore-based Hardware/Software Architectures for Mobile Edge Computing Device IMPACT Lab Arizona State University

2. MPACT I Arizona State Outline Mobile edge computing, mobile edge computing devices (MECD) –Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications Desirable MECD features Explore multi-core architectures for MECD

3. MPACT I Arizona State Wireless Sensor Network Hierarchy Back-end servers MECD Mobile edge computing device Networked Sensors

4. MPACT I Arizona State WSN Applications Botanical garden (Ken) Ayushman (Krishna) Smart container (Guofeng) Kids network (Su) Pay attention to: Structure hierarchy Potential term project topic

5. MPACT I Arizona State Botanical Garden

6. MPACT I Arizona State Physical layer impact High temperatures reduce transmission range. 8 dB at 65 C. No WiFi farther out. Extension requires self- powered nodes. Solar power [1,2] Node power consumption. How to measure? [1] http://www.ee.ucla.edu/~kansal/papers/sensys_hsu_05.pdfhttp://www.ee.ucla.edu/~kansal/papers/sensys_hsu_05.pdf [2] http://camalie.com/WirelessSensing/WirelessSensors.htmhttp://camalie.com/WirelessSensing/WirelessSensors.htm

7. MPACT I Arizona State Operating system projects TinyOS vs. Contiki comparison –Both run on Tmote –Contiki adds protothreads and dynamic program swapping TinyOS documentation –Hardware abstraction: MSP430, AVR128L; CC1000, CC2420

8. MPACT I Arizona State Ayushman Rationale: Aging Population Increasing healthcare cost Shortage of medical personnel Goals: Remote health monitoring (HM) Test-bed for HM systems Employ off-the-shelf components – Wireless biosensors – Wearable/in-vivo Desirable Properties: Self-configuring Real-time Scalable Challenges: Integration of diverse technologies Minimize data loss Reliability Maintaining safety & security Status: System development and Integration Vision Environmental Sensors (Temperature, Humidity) Biomedical Sensors (EKG, BP) Body Based Intelligence Home/Ward Based Intelligence External Gateway Central Server Medical Facility Based Intelligence Medical Professional Internet Local Gateway Organization Patient

9. MPACT I Arizona State Kids Networks Su Jin Kim

10. MPACT I Arizona State Social Science Project How children’s social interactions (especially preschool) relate to their school success Observation: –For 10 seconds, observe a target child –Identify the peers that he or she is interacting with –Collect data about interactions (e.g. positive emotions, negative emotions, aggressive behavior)

11. MPACT I Arizona State KidNet Project Motivation –Apply it to older children who may not stay in the same classroom all day Goals –Record the peers and duration of interacting Interacting: within some small distance (2-3 ft.) –Track students’ location for safety and security Advantages –Automatic, Real-time, Scalable

12. MPACT I Arizona State Proximity & Localization Wearable Proximity Sensors Detection of proximity Duration of proximity Localization using fixed nodes Location of each child

13. MPACT I Arizona State Challenges Accuracy –Detecting an object within 2-3 ft. Energy –Should operate at least 10 hours Wearable and Safe Devices –Should not be heavy and hurt kids Reliable Communication –Indoor: reflection, blockage etc. Scalability –Need to be expand to an entire school

14. MPACT I Arizona State Smart Shipping Container Rationale –government needs –business needs Goals –RFID, environmental sensing, communication, event detection, … Challenges –mobile, large number, non- technical issues, …

15. MPACT I Arizona State Container: architecture Internal Wireless Sensor Networks 2.4 GHz External Hosts 802.11 Cellular Network RFID Reader MICAz mote Container(s) Stargate USB Memory Card MICAz mote 2.4 GHz Stargate Managing Internal network (hardware, power and security); data processing, & routing outgoing packets to external interface. GPS Receiver 1 51-pin PCMCIACompact Flash USB Ethernet RS232 GPRS PCMCIA Modem 802.11 Compact Flash card MICAz mote Mobile Computing Computers at point of work (Handhelds) & at the Data Center. Held by custom officers and load/unload workers. Querying current and historical data and DB downloading from the logging systems. Enterprise Servers: Computers at the Data Center. Collecting real-time data from containers, managing DB & responding to critical events reported by containers. Sensors MICAz mote Sensors MICAz mote TelosB mote ML Cargo Tag MICAz mote INTER-Container TelosB mote Attached to nearby containers. Proximity motes form an ad hoc (multi-hop) inter-container network.

16. MPACT I Arizona State Container: pictures RFID Reader + MicaZ Mote Stargate MicaZTeloB

17. MPACT I Arizona State Mobile Edge Computing Device (MECD) Back-end servers High computing power Global decision/policy maker Interface to users Physically fixed MECD Mobile Unmanned Comm. with server & sensors via multiple types of networks Dealing with large amount of sensors Networked Sensors Large number Mobile Small form factor Sensing and limited wireless comm. capability Scalable reliable Low system cost, flexible

18. MPACT I Arizona State Desirable MECD Features High processing power –Localized data processing Database management Event detection Alert generation –Distributed infrastructure management Security Reliability Real-time Power efficiency –Network management self-configurable, self-diagnostic, self-healing ZigBee, WiFi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, GPRS and Ethernet

19. MPACT I Arizona State Desirable MECD Features (cont’d) Low power consumption –Mobile & unmanned Virtualization –Integrating various types of sensors from different vendors MultiOS –Ease of development Low cost

20. MPACT I Arizona State Exploring Multi-core Architectures High processing power Low power consumption Low cost

21. MPACT I Arizona State Multi-core processor: high processing power Homogenous (symmetric): –Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) Heterogeneous: Dedicated cores and diverse special purpose cores for hardware acceleration –Data processing –Distributed management –Network protocol –VPRO ®

22. MPACT I Arizona State Multi-core processor: low power consumption Reduced dynamic power Each processor core can be individually turned on or off Each processor core can run at its own optimized supply voltage and frequency Fine-grain & ultra fine-grain power management and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling Dynamic task assignment

23. MPACT I Arizona State Multi-core processor: low cost Reduced hardware –SDR (software defined radio) enabled by a multi-core processor

24. MPACT I Arizona State Approach & Deliverable Approach –Design & analysis to improve the understanding of multi- core processor’s application to MECDs Deliverable We will answer the following fundamental questions: –A set of feasible multi-core based architectural designs that addresses the emerging requirements for MECDs –An optimal multi-core based architecture (in terms of both computing and communication addressing multiple types of networks and topology) for MECDs –Challenges and restrictions of using multi-core processors in MECDs

25. MPACT I Arizona State RA Opportunity Motivated graduate student Strong problem solving skills Talk to Dr. Gupta