1. What is the first time period in the History of Medicine?

2. What is trepanning?

3. What treatment did Prehistoric people develop for broken legs?

4. What treatment did Prehistoric people develop for burns?

5. How can historians overcome the problem of a lack of written evidence when trying to find out about Prehistoric medicine?

6. What did Prehistoric people believe gave Medicine Men the power to heal?

7. What development is used to define the point at which a society stops being Prehistoric?

8. What is the second time period in the History of Medicine?

9. What name is given to the written language of the Egyptians?

10. How did mummification help the Egyptians develop their understanding of the human body?

11. What is the “Theory of the Channels”?

12. Why was Thoth important to medicine in Ancient Egypt?

13. Why did Egyptians where a Scarab Beetle around their necks?

14. Which group of people in Egyptian society shaved all the hair off their bodies every week?

15. What new material did the Egyptians use to make surgical instruments?

16. Why was Imhotep?

17. What treatments did the Egyptians develop to deal with illnesses caused by “blocked channels”?

18. Why did Egyptian doctors have access to a wider range of herbal ingredients for their medicines than Prehistoric healers?

19. What are the Papyrus Ebers and the Papyrus Edwin Smith?

20. What is the third period in the History of Medicine?

21. Who was Asclepios

22. What were the names of the two daughters of Asclepios?

23. Which animal helped Asclepios to treat his patients?

24. What is an Asclepeion?

25. List five features of an Asclepeion?

26. Who was Hippocrates?

27. What is the Hippocratic Collection or Corpus?

28. What is? the Hippocratic Oath

29. Why is Hippocrates known as “The father of medicine”?

30. What is involved in the Hippocratic technique of “Clinical Observation”?

31. Why is Alexandria important in the history of medicine?

32. Why did Egyptian and Greek religion oppose dissection of human bodies?

33. What is the fourth period in the History of Medicine?

34. Who was Claudius Galen?

35. Where did Galen train?

36. What was Galen’s first job?

37. What did Galen prove about the body using a pig?

38. Why did Galen get so much of his human anatomy wrong?

39. Which Greek god of healing did the Romans also use following a plague outbreak in Rome?

40. Why did the Romans develop such massive public health system in their cities?

41. List five features of the Roman Public Health System.

42. What did the Roman build all over Europe which helped to communicate information about medical discoveries?

43. What was Galen’s “Theory of the Opposites”?

44. Why did the Romans build their cities away from swamps?

45. What did Roman surgeons use as an anaesthetic?

46. What did Roman surgeons use as an antiseptic?

47. What is a valatudariana?

48. What happened to the medical knowledge of the Romans in Western Europe when the Empire fell after 410AD?

49. What are the three different names given to the fifth time period in the History of Medicine?

50. Which Roman doctor’s ideas dominated medicine after the fall of the Roman Empire for over 1000 years?

51. Which organisation dominated medicine in Europe during the Middle Ages?

52. What new places to train doctors were set up in Italian cities such as Salerno and Padua from the 10 th century onwards?

53. Why did the Christian Church ban dissection until the 13 th century?

54. Why did the Christian Church in Europe start to allow dissection of human bodies from the 14 th century onwards?

55. What did Hugh of Lucca use as an antiseptic in the Middle Ages?

56. What happened to the Public Health systems built by the Romans in Europe after the Roman Empire fell in the 5 th century?

57. Which bodily fluid did doctors start to examine in the Middle Ages to decide on the health of their patients?

58. Why did people in 14 th century Europe not manage to stop the Black Death (Plague) from killing 1/3 of the population of the continent?

59. List five different theories that people in Europe had on the causes of the Black Death in the 14 th century?

60. What is a flagellant?

61. In which part of the world was medicine making great progress at the same time as the stagnation in Europe during the Middle Ages?

62. Who was Avicenna?

63. Who was Rhazes?

64. Whose books did Islamic doctors have access to in the Middle Ages?

65. How did European doctors eventually get access to the works of Galen and Hippocrates by the end of the Middle Ages?

66. Why did the Crusades from the 11 th to 14 th centuries help European doctors and surgeons?

67. What is the sixth period in the History of Medicine?

68. What does the word “Renaissance” mean?

69. Which Roman doctor’s work still dominated medicine at the start of the Medical Renaissance?

70. Which German anatomist first challenged the ideas of Galen, referring to him as a “liar”?

71. Who was Andreas Vesalius?

72. List three examples of errors of human anatomy that Andreas Vesalius found in the work of Galen.

73. Which artist did Andreas Vesalius work with when he published his books?

74. Who wrote the book “The Fabric of the Human Body”?

75. Who wrote the book “On Anatomical Procedures”?

76. Who wrote the book “A Treatise on the Motion of the Heart”?

77. Who was Ambroise Pare?

78. What were the three ingredients that Pare used in his ointment to replace boiling oil as a treatment for gunshot wounds?

79. What were Pare’s ligatures made out of that he used to replace cauterising as the treatment for sealing up veins and arteries?

80. Who was William Harvey?

81. At which Italian university did Vesalius, Columbo, Fabricuis and Harvey all study or teach?

82. The invention of which piece of technology allowed Vesalius to communicate his ideas to doctors all over Europe?

83. Which two beliefs beginning with the letter “A” influenced the way that doctors treated their patients in the Renaissance?

84. Why did university trained surgeons refuse to respect Barber Surgeons?

85. Which bodily fluid did doctors in the Renaissance examine to determine the health of their patients?

86. Which Greek medical idea about the cause and cure of illness was used to treat the dying King Charles II in 1685?

87. Which disease was believed to be cured by a touch from the King during the Renaissance?

88. Which deadly illness returned to Europe in the 17 th century, and was wiped out in England by the Great Fire of London in 1666?

89. What was the Bezoar Stone and who proved it did not work?

90. What is the seventh time period in the History of Medicine?

91. Who was Lady Wortley-Montagu?

92. Who was Edward Jenner?

93. What is the difference between ‘inoculation’ and ‘vaccination’?

94. Why did doctors and ordinary people refuse to accept Jenner’s ideas at first?

95. What were the three problems faced by surgeons and their patients at the start of the 19 th century?

96. Who was James Simpson?

97. Why did doctors not adopt Simpson’s new discovery immediately?

98. Who was Louis Pasteur?

99. Why was the work of Louis Pasteur so important in the development of medicine?

100. Who was Robert Koch?

101. Who was Joseph Lister?

102. Why did many doctors and nurses not use the discovery of Lister immediately?

103. Who were Domagk and Hata?

104. Who were Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain?

105. What was so amazing about Penicillin compared to other antibiotics?

106. Who was Karl Landsteiner?

107. What is Sodium Citrate?

108. What did Marie and Pierre Curie discover that contributed to medicine?

109. What did William Rontgen discover that contributed to the development of medicine?

110. Who was Edwin Chadwick?

111. Why did Cholera have such a devastating impact on the population of Britain in the 19 th century?

112. What is Laissez-Faire?

113. Who is Doctor John Snow?

114. Why is Louis Pasteur important to the improvement of Public Health in the 19 th century?

115. Why did the First Public Health Act of the 1848 fail to improve public health in Britain?

116. Why did the Second Public Health Act of 1875 succeed in improving Public Health in Britain?

117. Why was the Boer War (1899-1902) important in improving Public Health in Britain?

118. Who was David Lloyd-George and what did he do to improve Public Health in Britain after 1902?

119. What new type of houses were built in Britain after World War I to make the country “Fit for heroes”?

120. What was set up after World War II to look after the health of the British people?

121. Who was Dr Christiaan Barnard?

122. What is MRSA?

123. What have AIDS, Cancer and Ebola got in common?

124. List the ten factors which influence medical progress, stagnation or decline.

125. Put your hand up if you think you deserve chocolate NOW!