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Published byJuliet Manning Modified over 9 years ago
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Lipids – Fats and Oils
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Lipids – Good Fat / Bad Fat Non polar Derivative hydrocarbons (mostly C and H with some O) Due to the large number of C- H bonds, they store more food energy than carbohydrates They provide insulate bodies, protect plants from water loss, protect and cushion organs, insulate nerve tissue, build cell membranes and store energy for later use Adipocytes are fat-storing cells – fat people don’t have adipocytes, just bigger ones
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Triglycerides One glycerol + three fatty acids Dehydration synthesis occurs between each of the 3 hydroxyl functional groups in glycerol and the carboxyl group of the fatty acid 3 water molecules are the byproduct of this ester bond
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Triglyceride Synthesis http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/lipidcondensation.html
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Saturated and Unsaturated Triglycerides Saturated fats are triglycerides with no double bonded carbons They are solid at room temperature, dominate animal fats and can be synthesized by your body Unsaturated fats are triglycerides with one or more double bonded carbons They are liquid at room temperature and dominate vegetable fat such as olive oil Humans cannot synthesize unsaturated fats – they must come from your diet
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Phospholipids A phospholipid has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids and a polar phosphate- choline group
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Phospholipid Bilayer The polar / non-polar qualities of phospholipids allow them to spontaneously form membranes in water They are the principal component of all cell membranes and can be saturated or unsaturated
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Steroids
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4 carbon based ring structure Non polar Include cholesterol, vitamin D, testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, cortisone, bile salts Vitamin D is synthesized from the interaction of UV radiation on subcutaneous cholesterol
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Steroids
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Pigments, Terpenes and Waxes These are large, diverse groups that include chlorophyll (a pigment), natural rubber (a terpene) and beeswax (a wax) They are all non polar and extremely stable – providing structural support and protection In the case of pigments, they absorb photons of light
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