1. The United States in the Cold War Chapter 25 Section 1: Roots of the Cold War Section 2: A Time of Prosperity Section 3: The Korean “War” Period Section 4: Global Concerns in the Cold War

2. Roots of the Cold War Cold War = Communist vs. non-Communist Yalta Conference: Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt – Stalin promises democratic governments in Soviet controlled European countries – Iron Curtain: is a way of referring to a barrier to understanding and information – Satellite: is a nation that is dominated politically or economically by a more powerful nation

3. Containing Soviet Expansion Truman Doctrine – “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” – Containment: to contain or limit Soviet expansion

4. Containing Soviet Expansion Marshall Plan – Sec. of State George Marshall – Loan 16 Eur. Countries $12 billion Berlin Airlift – Airlift: sending cargo planes to deliver tons of supplies to the people Cold War Crisis – Building of the wall

5. International Organizations United Nations – General Assembly, Security Council Security Council: US, Russia, China, Britain, and France (have the power of Veto) North Atlantic Treat Organization – Formal military alliance – “All for one and one for all.” Warsaw Alliance – Soviet Pact with satellite countries

6. The Shocks of 1949 Sept. 49  Soviet A-Bomb China crosses over

7. Section 2 Prosperity Peacetime Adjustments: – Defense Industry – GI Bill of Rights – Inflation – Cong. Passes Taft-Hartley 80 day strike delay Banned closed shop Bans union contributions to political parties Closed shop: workplace in which only union members can be hired

8. Election of 1948 Truman vs. Dewey Different approaches to Campaigning Truman wins but does not help with Fair Deal

9. Changing Society Computers increase Productivity – Productivity: rate at which workers produce goods Increasing Standard of Living for Americans – Standard of living: measure of how comfortable life is for a person, group, or country Early marriages and larger families result in a baby boom.

10. Changing Society Leaving the city Increased use of the Television New music genre: Rock-and-Roll – Elvis Presley Cities are hurt: – Loss of tax money – Inner cities: centers of older cities – City services decline

11. Korean “War” Divided at the 38 th parallel June 25, 1950: N. Korea invades S. Korea – Soviet tanks and artillery UN Security Council sends force – MacArthur appointed to lead forces – Forces pushed back to tip of peninsula

12. Korean War MacArthur’s Counter-offensive @ Inchon China invades Stalemate: a situation in which neither side wins Truman v. MacArthur Peace talks in 1950 – Last 2 years

13. Peace Results Cease-fire July 1953 Demilitarized zone: area from which military forces are prohibited – Still in place today!!!!!

14. Domestic Fears Soviet overthrow of American government – Hiss vs. Chambers – Americans arrest for passing a-bomb secrets

15. McCarthyism Joseph McCarthy – Sen. Of Wisconsin – Threatened the US communists – Def.: Threats without evidence – 1954 false accusations on tv about the ARMY – Censure: condemn – McCarthy censured by the Senate

16. Global Concerns 1953: Stalin dies and Krushchev takes over Superpowers: countries whose military, economic, and political strength are so great that they can influence event worldwide 1950s Arms Race – Arms race: a contest in which nations compete to build more and more powerful weapons

17. Arms Race 1952- first American H-bomb – Soviets counter with own H-bomb China joins with A-bomb in 1964 1967 China has H-bomb Britain and France develop nuclear weapons Stockpiles: collections of weapons

18. Space competition 1957: Sputnik launched National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) created in response Also passed National Defense Educaton Act

19. Emerging Nations 1961: John F. Kennedy proposes Peace Corps Soviets: Ghana and Guinea War in Congo 1946: Philippines gets independence from U.S. Ho Chi Minh takes control of Vietnam

20. Other areas of Cold War Castro takes over Cuba Exiled many Cubans Bay of Pigs: exiles trained by CIA – Makes things worse Cuban missile Crisis – 1962 photographs – Blockade