1. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
Edited by Chi Hun, Kim

2. History of LCD

3. Liquid Crystal

4. Liquid Crystal Disply

5. Operation Mechanism ( TN-LCD & STN-LCD )

6. Operation Mechanism (TFT-LCD)

7. Structure of LCD Glass substrate Color filter Polarizers
Liquid crystal
Signal lines
Transparent common
electrode
Scan line
Thin film transistor
Transparent display electrode
Glass substrate
Back light

8. Process – Color Filter

9. Process – TFT

10. Process – LCD Panel

11. Black Matrix Role - Isolation of light source from adjacent pixel
- Effect of increase in contrast
- Prevention of inaccurate operation

12. Component - Black Matrix

13. Color in LCD

14. Color in LCD

15. Pigment Type

16. Function of Components

17. Color Filter Material

18. Over Coat

19. PVA Mode

20. ITO Etching Margin in PVA Mode

21. Over Coat

22. Spacer

23. Two Types of Spacer

24. Two Types of Spacer
It can be expected that the demand of column spacer increase according to increasing of market of LCD-TV.

25. Organic Insulating Layer
Black Matrix type - VGA 60%
Organic insulator - VGA 80 ~ 82%

26. Materials of Organic Insulating Layer
• Photosensitive resin
• PAC

27. Polarizer

28. Structure Structure of polarizer in LCD - PVA (Poly vinyl alcohol)
- TAC (Tri-acetyl cellulose)
- Protection Film
- AR(Anti-reflection)
AG(Anti-Glare)

29. Backlight Unit

30. BLU : Light Source

31. BLU : Optical Sheets & LGP

32. The Functional of Alignment Layer
• LC Alignment by Rubbed Alignment Layer
• Regulation of LC Movement

33. What is Pretilt Angle (θp)?

34. Necessity of Pretilt Angle

35. Polyimide (Alignment Layer)

36. Steric Effect
⇒ 2.4°
⇒ 6.2°
⇒ 13.3°

37. Substitution Effect

38. Ultra Violet Arrangement
Polysiloxane cinnamate: PSCN
Photo-dimerized monolayer : PDML
Poly(ω(4-chalconyloxy) alkoxyphenylmaleimide)
6FD-HAB-CI polyimide

39. Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR)
PI-1 : 99%
PI-2 : 90%
PI-3 : 80%
PI-4 : 60%
PI-5 : 50%

40. Liquid Crystal Nematic, Smectic, Cholesteric, Ferroelectric
Themotropic LC, Lyotropic LC
Nematic, Smectic, Cholesteric, Ferroelectric
Anti-ferroelectric, Discotic, Polymer LC

41. Molecular Structure of Liquid Crystal Compounds
Terminal group(Alkyl, Alkoxy, CN, Halogen atm etc.
Central Groups: Benzene or cyclohexane ring
Lateral Substituted group : H, Halogen atom, CN, OH, NO2etc.)
Linkage Groups: Ester, Ethylene, Methyloxy, Acetylene,

42. History of Liquid Crystal Compounds/ H 2
1972/3
1973
1973/4
1976/77
1980
1983 :
BDH
Halle
D.D.R
Hoffmann
-La
Roche
Merck, F.R.G
, D.D.R
Hull, BDH

43. Fluorine Substituted Liquid Crystal Compounds

44. Components for Use in Wide Working Range TN Mixtures' C H 2 R ' C H 2
Low viscosity R ' F C H 2
High clearing point
Wide range, low viscosity

45. Chiral Liquid Crystal Compound

46. Current Materials in TFT-LCD
Item
Function
Materials
Color Filter PR
Black Matrix
Liquid Crystal
Alignment Layer
Polarizer
Prism Film
Retardation Film
Substrates
Full Color
Pixel
Light Valve
LC Aligning
Polarization of Light
Light Pass
Phase Compensation
Panel substrate
Acrylic Polymer, Pigment
Cr/CrOx, Resin
Organic
Polyimide
PVA, TAC, Adhesives
PET film, UV-Curing resin
Polycarbonate, LC film
Glass, Plastic

47. New TFT-LCD Technology with (New) Polymer Materials
Wide Viewing Angle
Brightness Enhancing
UV-Alignment Layer
- IPS* Mode
- VA** Mode
High Aperture Tech
- Organic Passivation Layer
- TFT on CF Array (TOC)
Photopolymers
Photo-Polyacrylates
Polyimides
Dielectric Polymers
Hybrid Polymers
Flexible Display
Plastic Substrate
Organic TFT
Organic Gate Insulator
Optical Polymers
Conducting Polymers
Target
Application
Polymer Materials
New Color Technology
Novel PDPR for TV
Ink - Jet Technology
New Polymer Binders
Fast Response Time
TV Application (~6 msec)
New type LC
* : In Plane Switching
** : Vertical Alignment

48. Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Quantity)

49. Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Revenue)

50. Mobile TFT-LCD Applications & Market Size

51. Reference
Chem. Rev. 2000, 100,
J. R. Park, G. Ryu, J. Byun, H. Hwang S. T. Kim, and I. Kim, Optical review, 9, 207 (2002)
4) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 15, No. 6, pp December 2004
5) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 14 No. 2, pp April 2003
Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 12, No. 3, pp June 2001
B. O. Myrvold, H. Yokokura, Y. Iwakabe, K. Kondo and S. Ohhara, Japan display, 827 (1992) 8) 9)
10)
11)