1. Unit 3 Chapters (6-9)

2.  Peninsula-Oracle-  Epic-Philosopher-  Acropolis-Tragedy-  City-State-Athens-  Aristocrat-Agora-  Tyrant-Vendor-  Democracy-Slavery-  Tribute-Sparta-  Immortal-Helots-

3.  Peloponnesian War Plague-  Blockade-Barbarian-  Assassinate-Alexander TG-  Hellenistic-Republic-  Patrician-Plebian-  Consul-Veto-  Dictator-Province-  Colosseum-Aqueduct-  Polytheism-Arch-

4.  Census-Villa-  Circus-Gladiator-  Jesus-Messiah-  Disciple-Epistle-  Martyr-Constantine-  Mercenary-Inflation-

5.  Objectives- 1 Understand how Greece’s geographic setting influenced the development of the civilization 2 Examine Early Greek History 3 Examine the development of Democracy

6. Geography Mountains Peninsulas Made travel and community partnership hard Only 20% of the land was farmable Origins Arose on and off the mainland Minoans Mycenaeans Wars Government Development of City States Democracy Aristocracy Nobility

7. Geography Origins Government

8.  Greece is made up of Peninsula’s, or areas of land surrounded by water on 3 sides  Because of the mnts. Only about 20% of Greece is farmable  What would you do then if you couldn’t farm for survival?

9.  Early Greeks evolved on and off mainland Greece  Two most prominent ancient groups: Minoans and Mycenaeans  Greek life was about evolving, trading, communication and spreading language and new ideas

10.  3000-1100 B.C.  Bronze age people  Lived on the Island of Crete (Med. Sea)  Developed wide spread and successful sea trade

11.  Took over around 1400 B.C.  Blended mainland Greece and Island cultures into one  Spoke an early form of modern Greek  Gained power not only through trade, but through conquest (battles)

13.  Myth of a war between Greece and Troy  Greeks tricked the Trojans with a fake horse  The story was written into an Epic, a long story telling poem  The two epics involving the Trojan War are the Iliad and the Odyssey

14.  Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

15.  Greek civilization took a turn for the worse  Their society collapsed and the focus changed  What was the focus of Greek society?  What did it change to?

16.  City states developed all over Greece, why?  City-States were run by Aristocrats  New type of ruler is created, a Tyrant  The advent of Democracy  Strict Rules- Who can participate in our(USA) democracy?  Who could participate in Grecian democracy?

17.  Pg. 175  (1- A/B)  (3- A)

18.  Golden Age of Athens:  479-431 B.C.  Trade  Tribute  Mining

19.  12 Olympians  Temples  Gods were immortal  Zeus ( king of gods)  Mythical heroes (Achilles)  City States had their own  Honor Zeus by competing every four years  Birth of what?

20.  Oracles (shrines where the gods spoke)

21.  Philosophers  Socrates  Plato (Socrates student (academy)  Aristotle (Plato’s student (Lyceum)

22.  The Parthenon

23.  Built on the Athenian Acropolis  Commissioned by Pericles  Built for Athena (goddess of Athens)

24.  Dramas- Greek plays  Tragedy- a Greek drama usually ending in disaster for the main character  Comedy- Greek play used to make fun of well-known citizens (typically politicians)

26.  City-states shared the same languages and customs  All referred to themselves as “Hellenes”  The Olympic Games were an example of the common culture

33.  The spread of culture-  King Philip of Macedonia  Macedonians (thought themselves Greeks, Greeks thought Macedonians were barbarians)  Barbarians- wild, uncivilized people

35.  After conquering Greece, Philip wanted Persia. He was assassinated before he could do so.  Alexander took over and avenged his fathers death  Within 11 years he had conquered Persia, Egypt, land beyond the Indus into India. He earned the title “Alexander the Great”  The last battle…(Achilles was his hero)

36.  Alexander’s empire was split into 3  One commander for each region  (Greece/Macedonia) (Egypt) (Persia)  They fought for 300 years over the land Alexander conquered  Time after Alexander was called Hellenistic period

37.  Center for learning  Huge libraries  Math and Science  Geometry created  Archimedes creates pulley systems and levers.

38.  Objectives:  Geography of early Rome  Understand the formation of a Republic

39.  Romulus and Remus (sons of a princess and Mars the god of war)  Jealous King wanted them drowned  Saved by a wolf  Raised by a shepherd  Grew up and killed the king and built a city called Rome

40.  City built between hills for protection  Soil was fertile (different from Greece how?)  Tiber River  City was in the middle of Italy..a peninsula in the Mediterranean sea  Why is this significant?  Romans highly valued loyalty and justice

41.  Ruled Romans with absolute power  (Romans were upset about this why?)  Romans over threw the Etruscan King  Yet adopted Etruscan ideas Togas Greek alphabet Etruscan gods

42.  Wanted govt. that didn’t rely on a ruler  Govt. run by the people for the people  Roman Senate (our legislative branch)  Patrician vs Plebian  Consuls (executive branch)(veto power)  Dictator-

43.  Roman took control of Carthaginians in Africa and in Spain, they also conquered Gaul (France) and moved into take over Greece  DECLINE-  Military leaders formed their own groups and slowly began to control the cities and murder each other. Rome fell apart

44.  The Rise of Caesar- He was a young leader who had many war victories..helped Rome take over Gaul (France)  Took troops back to Rome and became dictator  Unlike all other Roman dictators Caesar took power from the senate

45.  Caesar reorganized the government and basically took total control  Senator invited him to a meeting  Wife urged him not to go  The senators surrounded him and stabbed him 23 times  Ides of March