1. CHAPTER 6 Ancient Greece

2. Section 1

3. Mainland Greece is a peninsula, surrounded by many islands. Mountains are the major landform. Two important early Greek civilizations were the Minoan civilization of Crete and the mainland Mycenaean civilization.  The Minoan civilization was known for their trading.  The Mycenaean civilization gained power through conquest.

4. Section 1 There were three kinds of government that developed in the Greek city-states.  Aristocratic – members of rich and powerful families control the land.  Tyrant – Rulers who took power by force and usually had support of the middle and working classes.  Democratic – a form of government in which citizens govern themselves.

5. Section 2

6. The Golden Age of Athens was the period between 479 B.C. and 431 B.C. Athenians made achievements in the arts, philosophy, and literature, and democracy reached its peak. Most Greeks believed that the gods and goddesses they worshiped ruled different areas of human life and the natural world. Philosophers believed that the powers of the mind and reason could be used to understand natural events. The goals of Greek art were to honor the gods and to present images of perfection in a balanced and orderly way.

7. Section 3

8. Men met in the agoras of ancient Greece to discuss business, politics, and philosophy. People bought and sold goods there too. Greek home life – In some families men and women had separate quarters at home. Women had the responsibility of looking after the finances and running the home. Enslaved people worked on farms, in the mines, alongside artisans, and in wealthy households.

9. Section 4

10. Life in Sparta was harsh and even cruel. The government controlled the lives of all Spartans and treated helots very strictly. The Greeks drove the Persians away after Greek city- states banded together. Athens gained many allies. Other city-states paid tribute to Athens for protection against invasions. However, the Athenian empire later used the tribute for other purposes. The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta led to Athens downfall.

11. Section 5

12. In Hellenistic kingdoms, cities were modeled after Greek cites and contained Greek temples, agoras, and theaters in which Greek tragedies were performed. The Greeks accomplished great things in Math and Science.  Euclid developed geometry  Eratosthenes calculated the distance around the Earth  Archimedes discovered the principles of pulleys and levers