1. The Ancient Greeks

2. EQ 1: How did the geography of ancient Greece affect the development of the Greek civilization? Key Terms: Mediterranean Sea, polis, mythology, Olympics

4. Geographic Features— The Sea Made up of islands & peninsulas surrounded by Mediterranean, Black, & Ionian Seas Effects  economy relied on sea travel and trade; early cities less than 50 miles from coast

6. Geographic Features— The Mountains Divided the people; long travel time by land Effect  nearly impossible to unite under one country Effect  development of the polis—city-state, city that operates as an independent nation

7. Geographic Features— The Climate Moderate temperatures, rainfall only in the winter Effects  public discussions held outside, leading to democracy=Rule by the People

8. Early Settlers— 1. Minoans c.2000 B.C. – 1400 B.C. Significance  Settled island of Crete; named after mythical king Minos Wealthy, advanced civilization w/ beautiful homes and indoor plumbing; disappeared w/o explanation

11. Early Settlers— 2. Mycenaeans c.2000 B.C. – 1200 B.C. Strong military, well- fortified city Significance  believed to have fought Trojan War Significance  Greek poet Homer wrote epics—the Iliad and The Odyssey, describing the Trojan War

12. Epic—Poem describing the adventures and deeds of a hero Mythology—stories of the Greek gods; had very human-like characteristics Arête—perfection, excellence

13. Greek Mythology http://streaming.factsonfile.com/Portal ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=32802&psid=0 &sid=0&State=&title=Zeus:%20King% 20of%20the%20Gods&IsSearch=Y&p arentSeriesID=&loid=77934#

14. Early Settlers— 3. Dorians c.1150 B.C. – 750 B.C. Little known about them Artifacts show less advanced tools, pottery Significance  b/c writing disappeared, brought Dark Ages of Greece Significance  were the first to record Olympic games, competitions honoring Athletic Heroes

16. EQ 2: What contributions were made by Sparta & Athens? Key Terms: Code of Lycurgus, philosophy, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Parthenon, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Archimedes, drama, tragedy, comedy

17. Sparta—Perfection in Body Spartans focused on strength, discipline Government was considered an oligarchy—govt. is controlled by a small group of people

18. slave rebellion caused adoption of strict policy of military buildup Code of Lycurgus—named after legendary king who gave Sparta first laws, then starved himself during famine to save food

19. Spartan Males All babies examined by city elders at birth, weak ones were abandoned Age 7, boys sent to live with army, begin training; little food, clothing, were encouraged to steal Age 20, allowed to marry but had to live with army until 30; remained on active duty until age 60

20. Spartan Boot Camp http://www.history.com/videos/spartan -boot-camp-killing-machines#spartan- boot-camp-killing-machines

21. Spartan Females Girls encouraged to live active lives; not allowed to marry until 19; resulted in healthier babies Worked in fields and home

22. people less educated, advanced Modern word Spartan— extremely disciplined, focusing on the most basic of necessities

23. Battle of Thermopylae http://www.history.com/videos/spartan -boot-camp-killing-machines#last- stand-of-the300-the-kill-zone

24. Athens—Perfection in Mind Athens focused on intellectual and artistic pursuits Philosophy  philo-love, sophis-wisdom

25. Socrates, 470 B.C. Taught students, not facts but how to think & reason using questions 399 B.C. arrested, charged with corrupting Athens’ youth & neglecting the gods; found guilty, forced to drink hemlock poison

27. Plato, a student of Socrates Est. Academy (aka School of Athens), lasted 900 years Wrote The Republic, describing perfect govt. run by philosopher-king

28. Aristotle, a student of Plato for 20 yrs. Developed syllogisms, statements of reasoning Stated earth was center of universe

29. Science Pythagoras Hippocrates Archimedes

31. Art Parthenon—temple atop the Acropolis, mountain overlooking Athens Designed imperfectly so that perspective would cause stairs and columns to appear perfect

33. Winged Victory

34. Drama Comedy—story with happy ending Tragedy—story where someone attempts to avoid fate with disastrous results (Oedipus Rex)

35. E.Q. 3: How did Alexander help spread Greek culture over the world? Key Terms: Hellenistic

38. Background Son of king of Macedon, Philip Taught to be warrior by his father, how to think, reason, strategize by Aristotle Philip assassinated at daughter’s wedding (by own wife?) Alexander became king, 336 B.C. at age 20

39. Conquest Felt he was descendant of Achilles, kept copy of The Iliad First united Greek city-states, then went after Persia Outnumbered on several occasions, victorious every time Conquered most of known world

41. Cultural Diffusion Est. hundreds of cities like Greek ones Most important was Alexandria, Egypt Saw Persian culture had something to offer, combined best of both

42. Married daughter of Persian king, encouraged soldiers to intermarry Wore Persian clothing Hellenistic—combination of, Egyptian, Persian, Indian and Greek (east and west) culture Alexandria, Egypt became center of Hellenistic culture

43. Death & Legacy Contracted malaria, died of fever 323 B.C. at age 33 Empire fell apart, three generals took over three parts & ruled B/c of conquest, Greek culture survived & impacted the world